3. Which parameters appear in the Lotka-Volterra equations for competition between two species (species 1 and species 2) that do NOT appear in the two logistic equations for the same two species? a. Carrying capacities b. Intrinsic rates of increase c. Times to extinction d. Alphas
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QUESTION 1
These include simultaneous consideration of tolerance ranges for all conditions, resource requirements (of all biotic and abiotic resources), and habitat preferences.
| a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | . Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 2
Interspecific competition has this outcome when the effects of intraspecific competition outweigh the effects of interspecific competition.
| a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 3
The range of places that species could occupy based on suitability; a hypothetical location and ecological/trophic role in the absence of ecological interactions such as competition.
| a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 4
Graphs of the Lotka-Volterra interspecific competition model illustrate coexistence of two species with one of these features.
| a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | . Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | . Isoclines | h. | . Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 5
When a particular species always outcompetes a second species in the Lotka-Volterra model of interspecific competition, these features will never intersect.
| a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niche | c. | Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 6
When prey/foods increase in abundance, the predator population increases through reproduction and/or immigration.
| a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator | i. | This is not an answer- don't choose it! |
QUESTION 7
Endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, gut âmicrofloraâ and lichens are examples of this type of ecological interaction.
| a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
QUESTION 8
Prey switching, prey mechanisms to avoid predation (via increased group size), and formation of search images generate variations of this phenomenon.
| a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
QUESTION 9
Generally do not kill their prey, and consume only one (or perhaps a few) individual prey during a particular developmental phase or lifetime.
| a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | . Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
QUESTION 10
Extremely asymmetric competition and âaccidentsâ can result in this ecological interaction.
| a. | Amensilism | b. | . Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
1)In the Arroyo Seco, the Western Toad feeds on beetles, bees, and small aquatic insects. The Bull Frog has been introduced and eats the same foods. The based on this information interaction between these two species can best be described as:
| Parasite and Host |
| Competition |
| Predator and Prey |
| Mutualism |
2)Introduced species such as the Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer can damage the communities they are introduced to by:
| changing communities to have a uniform distribution |
| providing food for native species |
| increasing species richness |
| spreading new parasites and diseases |
3)Species that compete for the same resources often switch to either use different resources or find ways to reduce competition. Why is this often true?
| introduced (exotic species) are always going to be the best competitors |
| to avoid parasites |
| direct competition harms both species, even the superior competitor |
| competition only benefits one of the species |
