Question

1. What benefit can human stem cells provide to individuals with agenetically determine immunodeficiency? How would the process work?Can individuals receive their own stem cells?

2. Fill in the blanks with the missing information about primaryand secondary lymphoid organs:

   The ___________ is the site of T cell development andmaturation. The ________ is the site of B cell differentiation andhematopoesis.

   The ___________ are the sites where immune responses are mountedto antigens in the lymph. The _____________ is where immuneresponses are mounted to antigens in the blood. The ___________ islymphoid tissue that responds to antigen in the digestive,respiratory, and urogenital systems. Epithelial cells lackingmicrovilli that transport the antigens to these tissues are knownas ________.

3. Describe the structure of the B-cell receptor (BCR). How is theBCR able to trigger a signal transduction pathway when itscytoplasmic tail is only 3 amino acids in length? Outline BCRsignal transduction from the point of antigen binding through theNF-κB pathway. What is the result of signal transduction eventsfrom the BCR?
4. What is agammaglobulinemia? What enzyme is mutated in thesepatients and what is this enzyme’s function? What happens to peoplewith this disorder?
5. What is Lck and why is it important? What would happen to a Tcell if a mutation were introduced in Lck?
6. Define the following and give an example for each:
   1. cytokine
   2. interleukin
   3. chemokine
   4. chemoattractant