1.) What is the endosymbiont theory? Does it still happen in the world today?

2.) What do you mean by the "RNA World Hypothesis"?

3.) Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are all polysaccharides composed of glucose. What makes each of these polysaccharides unique in spite of the fact that all are composed solely of glucose?

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Elin HesselLv2

25 Mar 2019

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Can somebody check if my answer is rght? Thank you

Complex carbohydrates

Indicate whether each of the following statements about polysaccharides is True or False.

1. Polysaccharides are long polymers made of many nucleotides that have been joined through dehydration synthesis. False
2. Cellulose is the main storage polysaccharide in plants while glycogen is an important storage polysaccharide in many animals. False
3. Both starch and glycogen are composed of Î±-glucose subunits. True
4. Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin, which are unbranched and branched chains of Î±-glucose subunits, respectively. False
5. Like amylopectin, glycogen is insoluble in water, but it has a longer average chain length and fewer branches. True
6. Although some polysaccharides are used to store energy, others serve as structural material for cells. True
7. The principal structural polysaccharide in plants is starch. True
8. Cellulose is composed of a long, branched chain of Î²-glucose subunits. True
9. The starch-hydrolyzing enzymes produced by most organisms cannot break the bond between two Î± -glucose subunits because they only recognize Î² linkages. False
10. Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell wall of many fungi. True

Name of Macronutrient	Subtypes of Macronutrient (Weâve listed the names to provide a framework, but explain what each means)	Food Sources (list food sources broken down by subtype of macronutrient)	Major Functions (make sure to explain each)	Recommended Intake (for you â include your demographic)	Related Health Concerns (be specific regarding how the macronutrient contributes to this health problem)
Carbohydrates	Monosaccharides Sweet, colorless, crystalline structure which contain one (mono) molecule of sugar (saccharide), with the basic CnH2nOn makeup: are the glucose and Fructose âGalactose; Sucrose, maltose and lactose Polysaccharides is a monosaccharaides bonded togehte (wikibooks). Which are simple? Monosaccharides Which are complex? Polysaccharides Both Monosacharides and Polysaccharides can be good healthy diet( wikkibooks).	Monosaccharides: glucose is found on some fruits, vegetable and honey; fructose is found in fruits, honey and corn syrup ( wikkibook) Polyasacchariders Starch (cereal grains such as wheat, oats, barley, corn rice and their products; cellulose which acts as a dietary fiber(soluble â barley-oats,rye) insoluble fiber whole grains ready to eat cereals and others) and glycogen â a storage form of glucose in the liver and muscle ( Non digestable dietary â cellulose â whole grains- green leatu vegetable; pectin- fruits, carrots, sweet potatoes. Exemple of digestable food â shellfish, animal liver.(nutrient.review,n.d)
Proteins	Essential amino acids Nonessential amino acids
Lipids	Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols

Charts and tables are tools we use in science to break down information analytically and present data in an organized manner. It is a beneficial strategy for learning about and organizing scientific material, which we will be using often in this class. Make sure that you are detailed, thorough, and specific in your responses. Explain yourself clearly. Do not list a word or brief phrase without explaining what it means. For example, if you list diabetes for carbohydrates, make sure you explain how carbs are associated with diabetes. Don't leave the reader to make that connection for you. Also, make sure you provide APA-style references for each of your so

Data Table 1. Sugar Tests with BenedictâsReagent.

Test tube number	Substance	Hypothesis	Final color	Test results for reducing sugar
1	Distilled water
2	Glucose solution
3	Starch solution
4	Table sugar
5	SplendaÂ®
6	Sweet'N LowÂ®
7	Milk
8	Juice
9	Potato

Questions

1. Did the table sugar solution test positive or negative forreducing sugars? Explain why you received these

2. Do SplendaÂ® and SweetâN LowÂ® test positive or negative forreducing sugars? List the ingredients found in each of theseproducts. Underline the ingredient that is the artificialsweetener. (Hint: There is only one artificial sweetener in each ofthe products. Refer to the Introduction.)

3. What is the relationship of glucose and dextrose? How doesthis relationship influence the test results for SplendaÂ® andSweetâN LowÂ®?

4. A common artificial sweetener found in EqualÂ®, NutraSweetÂ®,and many diet sodas is aspartame(C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅). Would asample of pure aspartame test positive or negative for reducingsugars? (The pure sample does not contain other ingredients, suchas dextrose, maltodextrin, or calcium silicate.)

5. Unlike other sweeteners, SplendaÂ® may be used in cookingbecause it does not break down at higher temperatures. Many recipescall for SplendaÂ® instead of table sugar. Is a cake baked withSplendaÂ® actually sugar-free? How might this affect a personconcerned with blood sugar levels?

Exercise 2: Detection of Starch

Data Table 2. Starch Tests with IKIIndicator.

Test tube number	Substance	Hypothesis	Final color	Test results for starch
1	Distilled water
2	Glucose solution
3	Starch solution
4	Table sugar
5	SplendaÂ®
6	SweetâN LowÂ®
7	Milk
8	Juice
9	Potato

Questions

1.Which sugar substitute tested positive for presence of starch?This sugar substitute contains a starch derived from corn orpotatoes. List the ingredient that is the starch.

2. List three examples of polysaccharides in living organisms.Describe the structural orientations of each.

3. When a human consumes starch, the polysaccharides are brokendown into simple sugars, which are converted to polysaccharides forstorage in the cells. However, simple sugars are used by the cellto perform work. Describe why it is necessary to change the form ofthe carbohydrate in the body.

Exercise 3: Converting Starch to Sugar

Data Table 3. Conversion of Starch to the SugarMaltose.

Test tube number	Substance + Î±-amylase	Final color	Test results for reducing sugar	Test results for starch
1	Distilled water			----------
2	Distilled water		----------
3	Starch solution			----------
4	Starch solution		----------

Questions

1. What type of reaction is the conversion of starch to maltose?Describe what occurs during the reaction.

2. Is maltose a reducing sugar or a non-reducing sugar? Supportyour answer with information in Data Table 3. Maltose is a reducingsugar. Explain why by finding a supporting reference.