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1 Nov 2018

The tropics are considered to be a cradle and a museum, as we've just discussed. Climate change is predicted to disproportionately impact tropical communities â meaning that tropical species are at high risk of extinctions in the future due to changes in climate.

Q: How might this impact biodiversity patterns in the future?

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Lelia LubowitzLv2

2 Nov 2018

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Related questions

Today you will be using an online visualization tool that illustrates the vulnerability to extinction of different groups of (mostly) terrestrial organisms. Spend some time looking through the website at projects.propublica.org/extinctions.

What group of organisms (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, or birds) hasâ¦

â¦the largest percentage of at-risk species? Whatâs the percentage?

â¦the smallest percentage? Whatâs the percentage?

Select any one family from the mammal, reptile, amphibian, or bird groups that has at least 40% of its species at risk for extinction (that is, the family grouping is colored red) and do some Internet research to identify some major mechanisms that have placed that members of that family at risk (e.g., climate change, habitat destruction, pollution).

Family:

Reasons for at-risk status:

Time for another website. You can google âGuardian endangered species mapâ â the site you want should be one of the top two search results â or you can type in the following: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/interactive/2012/sep/03/extinct-and-endangered-species-interactive. This map shows where species have already gone extinct and where the critically endangered species of today are located.

What country has had the largest number of extinctions since 1500? Within your group, talk about why this might be.

Now go to the âCritically endangered speciesâ view of the map (upper right corner). Where are the spots with high concentrations of critically endangered species? For your answer, you can either list specific countries, continents, sub-continental regions (e.g., southeast Asia, northern Asia), or climatic zones (e.g., tropics, subtropics). Your choice.

Now go to the âIn numbersâ part of the map (upper right corner). By clicking on the circles, you can see which groups of organisms are most threatened in different regions of the planet.

After clicking on all of the regions on the map, can you make generalizations about what group(s) of organisms is/are most threatened globally? (For the purposes of this question, ignore the âplants, insects, and otherâ catchall category and focus on the other groups.)

Are there important regional differences that stood out to you?

rubyeel26

What is a method that some ecologists have proposed to protectspecies from extinction in the face of global climate change?

natural attenuation
assisted migration
bioremediation
mitigation
adaptive management

Why is it usually not possible to restore a community to itspre-altered state?

It is not always possible to determine the kinds of speciesthat populated a community.
Invasive species compromise restoration.
Climate change complicates restoration.
Evolutionary trajectories cannot be predicted.
All answers are correct.

How is ecological restoration different from restorationecology?

It considers cultural and societal concerns.
It does not rely on ecological principles.
It cannot be predicted.
It does not involve manipulation of the environment.
All answers are correct.

What is the goal of assisted migration?

to help species respond to climate change
to help species learn new seasonal migration routes
to help migrating species avoid human-made structures
to help native species tolerate restoration efforts
All answers are correct.

Which of the following might serve to enhance habitat in arestoration project?

a dead log in a stream
a concrete water control structure in an estuary
removal of a dam
an artificial nesting box
All answers are correct.

Biologists want to restore a region that experienced stripmining. How will bacteria assist in the restoration?

They will restore the biotic parts of a community.
They will enhance adaptive management.
They will remove harmful metals.
They will improve revegetation.
They will remove the source of the disturbance.

A barge has leaked a small amount of oil in the middle of LakeMichigan. What might be the best solution to clean it up?

Add molasses to stimulate bacterial action.
Leave it alone.
Introduce engineered bacteria.
Add microorganisms not normally found in the lake.
Launch a comprehensive restoration effort.

Before deciding on an appropriate restoration strategy for aparticular degraded ecosystem, which information would be LEASTimportant to have?

the goals of the restoration, in terms of biodiversity andecosystem functioning
the degree to which the ecosystem has been degraded whencompared to a reference ecosystem
the types of species that were present before thedegradation
the social, political and economic constraints on therestoration
None of the answers are correct.

A biologist works to restore habitat during a restorationproject. Which of the following might serve to enhance thehabitat?

a dead log in a stream
a concrete water control structure in an estuary
removal of a dam
an artificial nesting box
All answers are correct.
10.
Restoration ecologists want to restore a landscape to itsoriginal state before humans arrived and altered it, but they donot know what species of plants lived there historically. What isthe best alternative?
Import plants from other ecosystems at the same latitude.
Bioremediate the soil.
Use plants growing nearby.
Use assisted migration.
Let nature take its course.

11.

Biologists begin collecting native seeds in a seed bank in aregion that experienced considerable alteration. Describe thebenefits of taking this action for the future.

It is important to collect samples of native seeds for culturalpurposes.
Biologists can use the seeds to restore other regions atsimilar latitudes.
If the region is heavily altered, it may take time and multiplesteps to restore the region. Collecting the seeds while they areavailable ensures that the biologists can use them later in therestoration process.
The see bank will promote the assisted migration of plants fromhabitats made unsuitable by climate change.
All answers are correct.

12.

Although disturbance is often thought of as a detriment tonatural ecosystem functioning, one type of disturbance, fire, isoften used to restore ecological communities. In what way(s) canfire restore ecological communities?

Fire is an effective way to "clean the slate" of the ecosystemby burning plants and sterilizing the soil so that appropriatemitigation and bioremediation plans can be implemented.
In ecosystems where fire is a natural periodic event, fire cankill many non-native plant species while leaving native speciesless influenced.
Fire can suppress the growth of competitive dominant plants,such as shrubs and trees, increasing the diversity of certainecosystems.
All answers are correct.
None of the answers are correct.

bronzetermite465

Question:

Organisms living in Antarctica are thought to be particularly susceptible to change in climatic conditions. How might future climate changes affect the distribution of Antarctic organisms?

Describe the current Antarctic climate and factors that are likely to affect environmental change. Make predictions about future changes to the environment and how this might impact the distribution of organisms in the region.

Below has the format that it could be answered.

below the template, it has exampler template with different topic.

------ template

What do you think is the answer to the question? / What is your perspective on the topic? This is your stance or thesis.

Why do you think this? Give at least three supporting reasons (main points)

-
-
-

Use your stance and supporting points to build your plan. For each main point give a brief explanation, some evidence and/or examples you will use to support it. Provide references where appropriate.

I. Introduction

Possible ideas for the introduction:

(What does the reader need to know to understand the essay? Write as a statement rather than a question or keyword)

Proposed thesis statement:

II. Body - The number of body paragraphs will vary from essay to essay, you choose how many you need.

- Topic sentence:

(Include the main point making it clear how it supports your stance)

Explanations /Evidence/ Examples (include references with each fact (author, date)):

Write as a statement of fact not as a question, heading or keyword

- Topic sentence (include the topic and how it supports your stance):

Explanations /Evidence/ Examples (include references (author, date)):

Write as a statement of fact not as a question, heading or keyword

-Topic sentence (include the topic or how it supports your stance):

Explanations /Evidence/ Examples (include references (author, date)):

Write as a statement rather than a question or keyword

III. Conclusion:

(What are the broad implications of the essay?)

DRAFT WRITING

Introduction and first body paragraph

------- exampler template with different topic

I. Introduction

Possible ideas for the introduction

Climate change

Process of OA

Somehow lead to SO

Thesis Statement : All organisms living bathed in an acidic environment will incur a metabolic cost as a result of the energy expended to maintain functioning cell chemistry this results in reduced growth and reproductive outputs. As a consequence population numbers will drop with a flow on reduction in overall ecosystem biomass and diversity.

II. Body

Main Point: OA has a metabolic cost for all marine organisms and affects growth, reproduction and nutrient value as a food source.[CA2]

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)) :

Most pronounced in small organisms but is variable and dependant on pH

e.g. krill, gill & haemolymph regulation issues (Flores et al, 2012) ;

e.g. phytoplankton, reduced nutritional value;

e.g. shell forming organisms dissolution of CaCO₃ shells e.g. pteropods

Main Point: The metabolic cost on the individual results in lower numbers of individuals in a population.

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)):

This cost results in reduced fertilisation, extended larval development time, deformities

e.g. seastar (Gonzalez-Bernat et al, 2014) detail effects at different pH levels;

e.g. urchin (Sewell et al 2014)

Main Point: A reduction in biomass of any one species has flow on effects up and down the food chain and could be especially pronounced in the unique Southern Ocean ecosystem.

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)):

SO characterised by high nutrient low productivity, âwasp-waistâ structure and short food chains

e.g. phytoplankton as primary producers

e.g. krill as important food source

e.g. pteropods as nutrient cyclers

Main Point: Reduced food availability will likely alter interspecific interactions and may result in some species being driven to extinction.

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)):

a. competition will increase as a result of less food e.g. between larger birds and mammals as a flow on from loss of krill

b. shell forming species will be at greater risk of predation due to weaker shells

c. e.g. seastars as keystone species maintaining diversity

III. Conclusion

Effects at organism level will impact on total biomass of that species and those that depend on it for food, therefore the overall productivity and biomass of the SO ecosystem will be reduced and loss of species diversity is expected.

Other Ideas to Conclude:

Effects growth and reproduction and is especially costly for shell forming organisms.

Will see changes as a result of effects on organisms with key functions within the SO ecosystem.

Ideas to leave the reader with (clincher):

Global significance of effects of OA on SO (something related to carbon sink and sequestering of Carbon) or perhaps reminding reader that OA is only one consequence of climate change and that organisms will also be at risk from rising sea temps, melting ice, and invasive species.