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8 May 2018

QUESTION 5

a) Explain what is meant by a futile cycle and how such a cycle can be avoided. (4 marks)

b) Describe the functions of NAD+ and FAD in biochemical reactions. (4marks)

c) Explain the importance of ATP in biochemical reactions. (2 marks)

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Patrina Schowalter
Patrina SchowalterLv2
9 May 2018
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Related questions

QUESTION 6

a) Explain what is meant by catabolic and anabolic reactions and describe the way in which they are linked in terms of the associated energy changes. (4 marks)

b) Describe the chemical strategies used in the two phases of the glycolytic pathway. (4 marks)

c) Explain why the glycolytic pathway proceeds from glucose to pyruvate when some of the reactions in the pathway have very high positive standard free energy changes. (2 marks)

___ 25- The Krebs cycle begins with the union of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate forming citrate, allowing oxidative decarboxylation reactions to occur, and ends with the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. Using this information and your knowledge of the Krebs cycle, how many net carbons does the citric acid cycle gain?
A) 0 carbons
B) 1 carbon
C) 2 carbons
D) 4 carbons
___ 26- Directly from the Krebs cycle we can obtain:
A) ATP
B) GTP and NADPH
C) ATP and NADPH
D) ATP, GTP, and NADPH
___ 27- Which of the following is not an intermediary of the Krebs cycle?
A) oxaloacetate
B) citrate
C) succinyl CoA
D) acetyl CoA
___ 28- How many di nucleotides are reduced by four turns of the Krebs cycle?
A) 1 FADH2 and 4 NADH
B) 2 FADH2 and 8 NADH
C) 4 FADH2 and 12 NADH
D) 1 FAD and 4 NAD +

QUESTION 8

a) Explain what is meant by oxidation-reduction potential with respect to NADH/H+ and O2. (2 marks) 


b) Describe the way that changes in oxidation-reduction potential are related to changes in free energy, using the electron transport chain as an example. 
(3 marks) 


c) Explain the metabolic importance of electrons being transferred from NADH/H+ to molecular oxygen in a series of small steps. (5 marks)

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