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8 Nov 2018

Social vulnerability heightens individualsâ risk of adverse health outcomes, and that multiple, overlapping forms of oppression can compound risk. What should be the response of public health professionals to social vulnerability? What involvement should public health professionals have with political advocacy? Is there a tension between science and advocacy? (Around 250 words)

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Hubert KochLv2

9 Nov 2018

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Please, help me with the following questions on Chronic Diseases and Risks. No guess work, thank you!

QUESTION 1 Comorbidity refers to simultaneous occurance in a person of two ore more disorders; comorbid conditions can increase the risk of adverse outcomes True False

QUESTION 2 Emerging evidence supports starting promotion efforts during pregnancy and early childhood and continuing efforts throughout life lower exposures to major chronic disease risk factors True False

QUESTION 3 Increased cumulative exposure to risk factors over the lifecourse combined with social and economic inequalities, leads to the levels of inequalities seen in later adult life. True False

QUESTION 4 The "compression of morbidity" model proposes that morbidity due to aging cannot be postponed or mitigated by disease prevention programs True False

QUESTION 5 There are few significant funding sources for chronic diseases in low-and middle-income countries True False

QUESTION 6 To combat chronic diseases, modern, evidence-based interventions emphasize shared decision making and collaborative goal setting among providers and patients. True False

QUESTION 7 In the absence of legislative, financial and engineering approaches, health education programs often have a limited impact on preventing or reducing chronic diseases True False

QUESTION 8 It is estimated that deaths from diet-related chronic disease in China will triple between 1995 and 2025 True False

QUESTION 9 The third highest percent of global DALY's is attributed to which risk factor? a. Alcohol use b. Tobacco use c. Unsafe sex d. Childhood underweight

QUESTION 10 In the 1990's which country experienced a substantial decline in male life expectancy as a result of dramatic socio-political changes a. China b. Russia c. India d. Canada

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1. Biological specimens such as urine, stool and saliva samples can be useful for identifying all of the following, except

A risk factors for disease

B characteristics associated with having the disease

C blood pressure

D presence of disease

2. Abstracts provide a glimpse into the content of an article?

A true

B false

3. Acquisition of evidence for improving clinical and public health practices and policies is an example of a societal benefit of health research?

A true

B false

4. Population health research objectives may include:

A identifying and classifying new health problems

B determining risk factors

C evaluating the impact of health policies on health outcomes

D al of the above

5. All of the following are examples of tests of physiological function, except:

A spirometry

B electrocardiography

C audiometry

D all of the above

6. Which is not an example of population based research?

A compare rates of acure lung disease in several metropolitan areas and see whether the rates of disease are correlated with local air quality

B determine whether survival following breast cancer diagnosis is linked to the presencw of certain genes

C conduct a vaccine trial

D analyze biochemical composition of selected foods

7. Health researchers examine all of the following factors that contribute to health and to disease illness disability and death except:

8. ____ is physiological measurements that can be accurately taken after minimal instruction.

A anthropometry

B basic vital signs

C clinical examinations

D biological specimens

9. Population based studies are typically conducted using:

A human subjects

B animals

C research facilities

D none of the above

10. The process of systematically and carefully investigating a subject in order to learn or discover new information about the world is known as?

11. When identifying specific exposures diseases and populations of interest identifying relevant statistics is not helpful.

A true

B false

12. Which of the following is not an example of an adittional assessment that can be conducted as a way to supplement self reported information during the data collection process?

A vital signs

B test of physiological function

C physical fitness tests

D surveys

13. To look for a health science abstract in PubMed one an use all of the following search methods except:

14. When conducting anthropometric measurements, there is no need for the researcher to ensure that the methods used to take these measurements are standardized

A true

B false

15. There is no need to read the full article if the abstract is available.

A true

B false

16. Which of the following is not an example of an examination a clinician can conduct to examine many health states that machines are unable to assess well?

A breath sounds and other respiratory functions

B heart sounds

C heart rate

D the condition of the skin hair and nails

17. Which is not a step in the research process?

A identify a study question

B select a study approach

C report study findings

D all of the above

18. A paragraph length summary of an article chapter or book is known as a

19. Health science abstracts usually provide a brief description of

A study design

B the study populatio

C key findings of the study

D all of the above

20. The goal of every research project is to find and address gaps in the literature and to build on precious work.

A true

B false

21. Which is not an example of laboratory research?

A compare tests of air quality in several metropolitan areas

B identify biological mechanisms for the emergence of drug resistant bacteria

C use a food frequency questionnaire to examine dietary behaviors in a selected population

D develop a new vaccine

22. If clinical examinations are conducted as part of the data collection process an assessment form should carefully describe each component of the examination procedure to be used and diagnostic procedure for each item on the assessment form

A true

B false

23. ____ is the measurement of the size/composition of the human body

A anthropology

B vital signs

C clinical examinations

D biological specimens

24. Health research is considered to be a scientific process only.

A true

B false

25. The goal of any one research project is to contribute vast amount of information that when pooled with other researchers information will provide evidentiary foundation for change

A true

B false

26. Which is an example of health abstract databases available from libraries via subscription

27. All of the following are examples of anthropometric measurements except:

A height

B waist circumference

C skinfold measurements

D blood pressure

28. All of the following are good sources of information that a researcher can use to explore what his primary area of research interest is except:

29. Which of the following is the most important publicly available health science database?

PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS..PLEASE NOT ONLY 1 QUESTION. THANK YOU

QUESTION 1. Chronic diseases generally have several underlying characteristics, including a.A long latency period between exposure to risk and disease outcomes b. Low degree of preventability c. High curve rate d.None of the above

QUESTION 2.Which of the following risk factors collectively explain a significant proportion (not incidence) of most chronic diseases. a.Tobacco, alcohol, diet b.Tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity c. Alcohol, physical activity d.Tobacco, diet, physical activity

QUESTION 3.Adherence to treatment is influenced by several interacting dimensions including a.Social and economic factors b. Healthcare system factors c.Condition-related factors d.Therapy-related factors e.Patient related factors f.All of the above

QUESTION 4. _________ is the leading cause of cancer in both developed and developing countries worlwide a.Radiation exposure b. Tobacco use c.Pesticide exposure d.Air pollution

QUESTION 5.This week's YouTube video on treating non-communicable diseases in Rwanda showed how a community health worker helps to treat heart disease, diabetes and _______ a.Cancer b.Asthma c.Hepatitis d.HIV/AIDS

QUESTION 6.Which of these are myths of chronic disease control a.Benefits of chronic disease control accrue not only to the individual but also to the population b.Economic growth improves all health conditions c. Chronic diseases are associated with low SES/poverty d.Chronic disease only occurs in the elderly e.a and c f.b and d

QUESTION 7 ___________ remains the leading cause of death among both men and women in low- and middle-income countries a.Cancer b.Cardiovascular disease c. Diabetes d.Obesity e.Respiratory disease

QUESTION 8.Chronic disease in adults accounts for approximately 60% of all deaths worldwide. True False

QUESTION 9.The WHO's Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework includes a positive policy environment. True False

QUESTION 10.It is estimated that the overall number of cancer cases will rise by 50% in the next 20 years. True False

QUESTION 11.Comorbidity refers to simultaneous occurrence in a person of two or more disorders; comorbid conditions can increase the risk of adverse outcomes. True False

QUESTION 12.Emerging evidence supports starting promotion efforts during pregnancy and early childhood and continuing efforts throughout life lower exposures to major chronic disease risk factors. True False

QUESTION 13. Increased cumulative exposure to risk factors over the lifecourse combined with social and economic inequalities, leads to the levels of inequalities seen in later adult life. True False

QUESTION 14.The "compression of morbidity" model proposes that morbidity due to aging cannot be postponed or mitigated by disease prevention programs True False

QUESTION 15.There is few significant funding sources for chronic diseases in low-and middle-income countries. True False

QUESTION 16.To combat chronic diseases, modern, evidence-based interventions emphasize shared decision making and collaborative goal setting among providers and patients. True False

QUESTION 17.In the absence of legislative, financial and engineering approaches, health education programs often have a limited impact on preventing or reducing chronic diseases. True False

QUESTION 18. It is estimated that deaths from diet-related chronic disease in China will triple between 1995 and 2025. True False

QUESTION 19.The third highest percent of global DALY's is attributed to which risk factor? a.Alcohol use b.Tobacco use c.Unsafe sex d.Childhood underweight

QUESTION 20.In the 1990's which country experienced a substantial decline in male life expectancy as a result of dramatic socio-political changes a.China b.Russia c. India d.Canada