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13 Sep 2018

The D value for Salmonella typhimurium is 81 sec at 60 C. If raw chicken is typically covered in 1 X 108Salmonella per sq cm, how long must you blanch the chicken at 60 C to package safe chicken meeting the public health standard of a maximum of 2 X 102Salmonella per sq cm?

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15 Sep 2018

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1. Which of the following statements about E. coli bacteria is TRUE?

A. It is only found in undercooked beef.

B. It is only found in unpasteurized milk.

C. It is a harmless bacterium.

D. It only affects foods prepared outside of the home.

E. It has been found in undercooked beef, unpasteurized milk and juice, and raw fruits and vegetables.

2. Where can food preparation result in foodborne illness?

A. private homes

B. catering/banquet facilities

C. institutions such as schools or prisons

D. restaurants

E. All of the above.

3. Which of the following results in the highest number of cases of foodborne illness?

A. norovirus

B. Salmonella

C. Clostridium perfringens

D. Campylobacter

E. Staphylococcus aureus

4. Pregnant women have a significantly higher risk of contracting foodborne illness caused by a specific pathogen. Which is it?

A. E. coli

B. Salmonella

C. Listeria monocytogenes

D. Campylobacter

E. Bacillus cereus

5. Common food and beverage sources of Salmonella include all of the following, EXCEPT

A. eggs

B. poultry

C. unpasteurized milk

D. raw oysters

E. meat

6. In order to prevent illness, those most at risk for foodborne illness should avoid all of the following foods and beverages, EXCEPT

A. raw sprouts (alfalfa, bean, or any other sprout)

B. hot dogs heated thoroughly

C. raw or undercooked eggs or foods containing raw or undercooked eggs

D. raw shellfish and their juices

E. unpasteurized (raw) milk

7. The safe zone for refrigerated foods is to be chilled below

A. 70^oF

B. 50^oF

C. 41^oF

D. 32^oF

E. 1^oF

8. If everyone who attended a family reunion and ate a freshly prepared meal of carved roast turkey became sick with a foodborne illness, and those who ate the freshly prepared carved roast beef did not, then what aspect of the four steps to food safety would most likely have been the cause?

A. clean

B. separate

C. cook

D. chill

E. None of the above.

9. You purchase deli meat wrapped in plastic from a grocery store, carry it out to your car in a paper bag, and leave it in the car while running errands for another hour. It is 80 degrees outside. Which of the four steps of food safety have you neglected to follow?

A. clean

B. separate

C. cook

D. chill

E. All of the above.

10. What should be used to measure the internal temperature of meat to ensure that it has been cooked thoroughly and to avoid foodborne illness?

A. probe thermometer

B. mercury thermometer

C. appearance of the meat (when it looks done)

D. the ovenâs temperature setting

E. cooking time

11. Why is it important for foods to be promptly chilled at the correct, safe temperature?

A. to improve taste

B. to improve appearance

C. to reduce the likelihood of bacterial growth

D. to have leftovers

E. to shorten cooking time

12. Which of the following is TRUE about USDA-certified organic food?

A. healthier than nonorganic food

B. safer than nonorganic food

C. considerably less expensive than non-organic food

D. made up of 50% certified-organic ingredients

E. at least 95% of the agricultural ingredients must be certified organic

13. Which federal agency has the primary legal responsibility for food additives?

A. FDA

B. USDA

C. DHHS

D. NIH

E. CDC

14. Who is LEAST likely to be negatively affected by a foodborne illness?

A. 45-year-old adult with HIV/AIDS

B. 20-year-old healthy college student

C. 80-year-old nursing home resident

D. 15-year-old chemotherapy patient

E. 15-month-old baby

15. Refrigerated leftovers should be eaten or thrown out within , in the interest of health and food safety.

A. 1 day

B. 2 days

C. 4 days

D. 1 week

E. 10 days

16. The FDA has approved food irradiation for all of the following, EXCEPT

A. meat

B. poultry

C. fresh fruits

D. dairy foods

E. fresh vegetables

17. The virus that causes the most foodborne illnesses and a significant number of related hospitalizations is

A. Staphylococcus aureus

B. Campylobacter

C. Salmonella

D. hepatitis

E. norovirus

18. The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) signed in 2011 is praised because of the focus on

A. food taste

B. food defense

C. food prices

D. access to food

E. access to farm land

19. High intake of which food additive has been connected to hyperactivity in some children?

A. artificial food colors (AFC)

B. monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

C. salt

D. citric acid

E. fructose

20. All of the following can increase the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity, EXCEPT

A. poverty

B. unemployment

C. having a family farm

D. living in a food desert

E. cost of nutritious foods

21. Which one of these programs is the largest program in addressing domestic hunger?

A. Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

B. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

C. National School Breakfast Program

D. National School Lunch Program

E. Meals on Wheels

22. In the United States, there are several widely sold, common genetically modified (GM) foods. These include all of the following, EXCEPT

A. organic apples

B. corn

C. rice

D. tomatoes

E. soybeans

23. What can influence the worldâs food supply?

A. drought

B. flooding

C. civil unrest

D. climate change

E. All of the above.

24. A sustainable food system needs

A. uncontrolled population growth

B. safe and secure food supply

C. rapid climate change

D. constant drough

E. one-crop megafarms

25. Those who argue FOR genetically modified foods cite all of the following, EXCEPT

A. increased supply of food

B. drought-resistant plants

C. increased susceptibility to some pests

D. increased vitamin content in foods

E. improved food taste

26. Composting is an example of which type of sustainable food strategy?

A. buying local

B. purchasing organic foods

C. eliminating industrial meat consumption

D. reducing food waste

E. eating unprocessed foods

27. It is estimated that demand for food will rise by between 70% and 100% by 2050. What is one factor that will contribute to increasing demand?

A. population growth

B. civil unrest

C. unemployment

D. falling incomes

E. existing food insecurity

28. Which of the following is a legitimate potential risk of growing and consuming genetically modified foods?

A. The food tastes better, so people eat more.

B. The food lasts longer but loses nutritional benefits.

C. A plant food could produce a protein that is allergenic to some people.

D. The food may be infested with pests.

E. The food may absorb too much water and cause bloating.

29. Dirty equipment in a food truck has contaminated food as it travels to the grocery store. In which step of the food supply process did the contamination occur?

A. planting

B. production

C. processing and distribution

D. preparation

E. None of the above.

30. Fecal-oral transmission can occur at all of the following times, EXCEPT

A. when a food handler does not wash his/her hands before touching food to be prepared

B. when a daycare worker does not wash his/her hands after changing a babyâs diaper and then picking up another childâs bottle to feed them

C. when a food server cleans the restaurant bathroom and does not wash his/her hands before delivering food plates to a table

D. when animal fecal matter is present in the field where produce is grown and harvested

E. after toys in a daycare facility are soaked in a bleach-and-water solution overnight

31. All of the following are TRUE of parasites, EXCEPT that they can

A. live in a host

B. live on a host

C. multiply in foods

D. be a worm

E. be single-celled

32. The most common symptoms of foodborne illness are

A. bleeding

B. fever

C. nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

D. diarrhea

E. fever and vomiting

33. Which of the following is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrheal illness and hospitalizations in the United States and is found in over half of all raw chickens, in addition to being found in raw milk and raw shellfish?

A. Clostridium perfrigens

B. Campylobacter

C. E. coli

D. Staphylococcus

E. meningitis

34. Which type of cheese should a pregnant woman avoid to reduce her risk of contracting a foodborne illness?

A. cheddar cheese

B. Swiss cheese

C. American cheese

D. queso fresco

E. mozzarella cheese

35. What process has been used to reduce the likelihood of foodborne illness experienced by NASA astronauts in space?

A. pasteurization

B. vaccinations

C. irradiation

D. antibiotics

E. antibacterial spacesuits

36. The USDA has recommended safe internal temperatures for foods. Which type of meat must be heated to the highest temperature?

A. turkey and chicken

B. ground beef

C. fully cooked ham (to reheat)

D. fish

E. beef roast

37. Two ways to prevent cross contamination in your kitchen are

A. wash hands, use clean dishes

B. wash hands, reuse plates when needed

C. wash hands, always use same cutting board for raw meats and vegetables

D. wash hands, store raw meats in same grocery bag as other foods

E. wash hands, clean off surfaces with the same cloth used to wipe up floor spills

38. What can food handlers do prior to food preparation to easily and dramatically reduce the likelihood of causing foodborne illnesses?

A. cover their mouth with their hand when coughing

B. wash hands before preparing food

C. wipe feet before entering kitchen

D. take medication to reduce fever before coming to work

E. store raw meat in an uncovered container

39. Who is most at risk for foodborne illness?

A. healthy 20 yr old male

B. 30 yr old female

C. infant 6 mo old female

D. 45 yr old female nurse

E. all the above

40. What is a favorable conditions for bacterial growth in food?

A. foods kept at temp. below 40 degree F

B. food kept at temp. above 140 degree F

C. food with a high moisture content

D. food with a low moisture content

E. very sweet food

TRUE or FALSE (A for true and B for false)

41. Food additives may be used to maintain freshness of food.

42. Foodborne intoxication is caused by ingestion of food that contains a toxin that may be naturally present in the food.

43. Staphylococcus aureus lives on the skin.

44. One foodborne pathogen that pregnant women are often warned against is protozoans.

45. The pathogen Norovirus cause muscle aches and fever.

46. The 1993 Jack in the Box outbreak caused Congress to update the monitoring of meatpacking plants in the United Stated.

47. Cross contamination is the transfer of bacteria or other pathogens from one source or surface to another.

48. Sit-down restaurants are the single setting of preparation responsible for the highest number of illness resulting from foodborne disease outbreaks.

49. Salmonella pathogen causes the most severe illness of all pathogens.

50. The FDA is responsible for regulating the safety of GM crops consumed by humans and animals in the United States.

lavenderzebra115

1. What is the correct sequence of steps inthe scientific method?

I. Make observations and ask a question

II. Analyze the data

III. Develop a hypothesis

IV. Share the results with otherscientists

V. Design and perform an experiment to testthe hypothesis

a) I>II > III > IV > V

b) III > I > V > II > IV

c) V> IV > III > II > I

d) I> III > V >II > IV

e) V > II > I > III > IV

2. You have formulated a hypothesis: ï¿½Applescontain more vitamin C than oranges.ï¿½

To test your hypothesis you measure vitamin Clevels in 20 oranges and 20 apples from trees that were grown inthe same orchard under the same environmental conditions(temperature, rain, sunlight). This experiment was conducted twice.The control in the experiment is

a) type of soil, temperature, amount of rainand sunlight in the orchard

b) vitamin C levels

c) oranges

d) apples

e) a large sample size and repeatedexperiment

***Use the following information to answerquestions 3, 4, 5 & 6 below***:

A group of medical researchers investigatedthe effects of Drug X on lowering cholesterol levels in a group ofmen between the ages of 50 and 70 years old. The researchers didthe following experiment and obtained the indicatedresults: One group of 150 men took a tablet containingDrug X for 3 weeks ï¿½ 95 of these men decreased their cholesterollevels by at least 10% (three men from this group dropped out ofthe study). Another group of 150 men wasgiven a tablet with no added Drug X for 3 weeks ï¿½ 10 of these mendecreased their cholesterol levels by at least 10% (two men fromthis group dropped out of the study).

3. Which of the following is the besthypothesis for this experiment?

a) Will drug X lower cholesterol levels in menbetween the age of 50 and 70 years?

b) Drug X will lower cholesterol levels inmen.

c) Since high cholesterol levels significantlyincreases several health risks for men, drug X is most likelybeneficial.

d) Men between the age of 50 and 70 years willhave reduced cholesterol levels if they take drug X over a 3 weekperiod.

e) There is no significant difference incholesterol levels between men that take drug X and those thatdonï¿½t take it.

4. Which of the following was the controlgroup in this experiment?

a) the amount of Drug X contained in thetablet

b) the number of participants in each group atthe end of the experiment

c) the group of participants that receivedtablets containing Drug X

d) the group of participants that receivedtablets that did not contain Drug X

e) the number of participants in each group atthe beginning of the experiment

5. Which of the following is a dependentvariable in this experiment?

a) the amount of Drug X contained in thetablet

b) participants that received tabletscontaining Drug X

c) the average age of the participants

d) number of participants in each group at thebeginning of the experiment

e) cholesterol

6. Which of the following is an independentvariable in this experiment?

a) the amount of Drug X contained in thetablet

b) participants that received tabletscontaining Drug X

c) the average age of the participants

d) number of participants in each group at thebeginning of the experiment

e) cholesterol

7. A chemotherapy drug affects theenzyme DNA polymerase. In which part of the cell cycle does itinhibit cell division?

a) Metaphase

b) S phase

c) G1

d) Cytokinesis

e) Prophase

8. A researcher planted seeds from four typesof tomatoes (Roma, Cherry, Big Boy and Early Girl) in a greenhouseto determine which type of tomato produce the largest number oftomatoes per plant. The plants were grown for 70 days under thesame temperature and light conditions. The average results for 20plants of each type are shown below. Choose thedata set that demonstrates that Cherry tomatoes produce the largestnumber of tomatoes per plant.

a) Roma: 20 tomatoes, Cherry: 18 tomatoes, BigBoy: 30 tomatoes, Early Girl: 10 tomatoes

b) Roma: 1.8 lbs, Cherry: 2.8 lbs, Big Boy:2.7 lbs, Early Girl: 1.0 lbs

c) Roma: 3 cm, Cherry: 1 cm, Big Boy: 10 cm,Early Girl: 7 cm

d) Roma: 2 cm, Cherry: 10 cm, Big Boy: 7 cm,Early Girl: 6 cm

e) Roma: 23 tomatoes, Cherry: 28 tomatoes, BigBoy: 10 tomatoes, Early Girl: 27 tomatoes

9. The majority of climate scientists believethat the current change in climate is caused predominantly by________.

a) an enhancement of the greenhouse effect

b) a decreased reliance on fossil fuels forenergy

c) a thinning of the ozone layer

d) a melting of the polar icecaps

e) an increase in solar radiation

10. Based on the following phylogenetic tree,which of the following conclusions are *NOT*correct? Each letter represents a hypotheticalspecies.

a) A and E share a common ancestor

b) B is one of Aï¿½s ancestors

c) E and D are more closely related to eachother than to C

d) C is more closely related to E than toB

e) A and B are closely related

11. You are taking a cruise from California toHawaii. About halfway there the ship begins to sink. You are ableto board a lifeboat, but now you are floating in the ocean waitingto be rescued. After several days you are so thirsty that you bendover the side of the boat and drink lots of salty seawater. Whathappens to your body?

a) You throw up because sea salt is toxic tohumans.

b) You get thirstier because of osmosis.

c) Salt diffuses into your cells, waterfollows, your cells start to expand and you feel bloated.

d) Since sea water consist of 96.5% freshwater (and only 3.5% salt) you will feel much better.

e) You get dehydrated because water is unableto cross the semi-permeable membranes of your cells.

12. You are spraying your garden with apesticide and you accidentally swallow a smallamount. You read on the package that this pesticideinhibits ATP synthase. Should you be worried?

a) ATP synthase is part of the light dependentreaction in photosynthesis; this pesticide will therefore notaffect humans. So donï¿½t worry!

b) ATP synthase is an enzyme involved in thecitric acid cycle so all animals, humans included, will beaffected. Call the doctor.

c) ATP synthase found in the pesticide is avery toxic compound. Call the doctor.

d) ATP synthase is involved in bothphotosynthesis and cellular respiration. Call the doctor.

e) ATP synthase inhibitors will not affecthumans, but there might be other toxic ingredients in thepesticide, so it is best to call the doctor to be on the safeside.

13. In the following chemical reaction, whatis carbon dioxide (CO2)?

12 H20 + 6CO2 -> 1glucose molecule + 6 O2

a) substrate

b) product

c) enzyme

d) activation factor

e) independent variable

14. Which of the following is NOT a feature ofDNA?

a) Adenine (A) forms a base pair with thymine(T)

b) Complimentary strands are anti-parallel,running in opposite directions

c) Complimentary strands are held together byhydrogen bonds between phosphate groups

d) Nucleotides within a single strand areconnected by covalent bonds

e) All of the above are features of DNA

15. A man who carries a harmful sex-linkedgene on his X chromosome, will pass the gene on to

a) All of his daughters

b) Half of his daughters

c) All of his sons

d) Half of his sons

e) All of his children

16. A double-stranded DNA molecule that has22% guanine will have

a) 28% thymine

b) 22% cytosine

c) 44% adenine

d) 26% uracil

e) Both A and B are correct

17. Which of the following variations could besubject to natural selection?

a) A dog with short legs due to malnutritionis able to crawl into holes better than his litter mates

b) A tree is not infested by a ground-dwellingbeetle when the homeowner cuts the lower branches

c) A hyena is born with a spotted fur patternthat allows it to hide in the grass better than his littermates

d) A pigeon learns than when its keeper comesnear it will be fed

e) All of these variations may be acted on bynatural selection

18. The ability of fireflies and angler fishto produce light is an example of convergent evolution. What canyou conclude about these two animals based on this information?

a) They share a recent common ancestor

b) They are both adapted to environments lowin light

c) The ability to produce light is an ancienttrait

d) They are found in the same location

e) All of the above

19. You observe the following outside yourwindow: A grasshopper is munching away on a leaf when ahawk swoops down and eats the grasshopper. What is the grasshopperin this situation?

a) secondary consumer

b) prey

c) herbivore

d) predator

e) both b, c and d

20. Which of the following statements is *NOT*true?

a) The cells resulting from meiosis arediploid and the cells resulting from mitosis are haploid.

b) Meiosis and meiosis both starts with onecell, but meiosis ends with four and mitosis withtwo.

c) Mitosis produces new cells for growth andrepair, meiosis produces gametes.

d) Mitosis goes through cytokinesis once,meiosis goes through cytokinesis twice.

e) Cross over happens in meiosis, but not inmitosis.

21. Neon, Ne, has an atomic number of 10 andan atomic mass of approximately 20. How many neutronsdoes neon have?

a) 5

b) 20

c) 10

d) 30

e) 15

22. An ionic bond is one in which

a) Outer shell electrons are sharedby two atoms in order to fill the electron shells of both atoms

b) Outer shell electrons of oneatom are transferred to the inner electron shell of anotheratom

c) Electrons are removed from oneatom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms becomeequally charged

d) Electrons are removed from theouter shell of one atom and transferred to the outer shell ofanother atom in order to completely fill the outer shells of eachatom

e) Electrons are removed from theouter shell of each atom in order to give each atom a neutralnumber of electrons

23. Which characteristic of water results theconstant body temperature of mammals?

a) cohesion

b) density at differenttemperatures

c) polarity

d) heat absorption

e) solvency

24. Which of the following is thestrongest base?

a) black coffee

b) bakingsoda

c) stomachacid

d) water

e) ammonia

25. An ideal antibiotic damages only bacterialcells but not human cells. Which of the followingcellular structures would be a good target for antibiotics?

a) plasmamembrane

b) cytoskeleton

c) cell wall

d) nucleus

e) nucleolus

26. An erythrocyte is place in a beaker of seawater. The cell shrivels andshrinks. Why?

a) Sea water is hypertonic to the fluid insidethe cells.

b) Sea water is isotonic to the fluid insidethe cells

c) The fluid inside the cells is hypertonic tothe sea water

d) Sea water is hypertonic to the fluidoutside the cells

e) Sea water is hypotonic to the fluid insidethe cells

27. Most of the ATP of aerobic respiration isproduced in the

a)chloroplast

b)mitochondria

c)ribosome

d) plasmamembrane

e)cytoplasm

28. Which of the following does notnegatively affect the rate of an enzyme reaction?

a) Reduction in temperature

b) Reduction in the amount of a competitiveinhibitor

c) Reduction in the amount of substrate

d) Reduction in the amount of enzyme

e) Reduction in the pH of the solution

29. If a germ cell has 30chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in the gametes?

a) 60

b) 30

c) 10

d) 15

e) 20

30. In what stage are the sisterc33.hromatids lined up at the center of the spindle?

a) Interphase

b) Telophase

c) Prophase

d) Metaphase

e) Anaphase

31. Which of the following could betrue for a child with Downï¿½s Syndrome?

a) Non-disjunction occurred during theproduction of the egg

b) The sperm could have had two copies ofchromosome 21

c) One gamete had two copies of chromosome 21and the other had one copy

d) None of a) through c) could betrue

e) All of a) through c) could be true

32. Which of the following statements is notconsistent with Darwinï¿½s theory of evolution?

a) Fossils indicate the structures of extinctorganisms

b) The Earth is approximately 100,000 yearsold

c) Organisms on earth have survived or dieddepending upon the environment in which they were born.

d) All living species are related to commonancestors

e) Individuals do not evolve

33. A trait that influences the mating ofindividuals having that trait is called

a) Genetic drift

b) Gene flow

c) Artificial selection

d) Natural selection

e) Sexual selection

34. The formation of new biological lineagesis called

a) Mutation

b) Natural selection

c) Speciation

d) Genetic drift

e) Sexual selection

35. Which of the following organisms iscapable of both using carbon dioxide to produce starch and usingoxygen to produce ATP?

a) dog

b) human

c) earthworm

d) houseplant

e) none of the above

36. Which density-dependent factor controlsthe size of a population?

a) wind velocity

b) light intensity

c) nutrient supply

d) rainfall

e) all of the above

37. According to Darwin, natural selectionoccurs when the environmental conditions cause specific ___________found in populations to become ______________.

a) selections, exponential growth

b) variations, adaptations

c) weakest members, strongest members

d) non-competitors, competitors

e) similarities, differences

38. Which of the following statements is trueabout a bond formed between two carbon atoms?

a) the bond requires the sharing ofprotons

b) the bond requires the sharing ofelectrons

c) the bond requires the sharing ofneutrons

d) the bond contains ADP

e) the bond cannot be broken

39. Which of the following is abiotic?

a) Roots

b) Bacteria

c) Seawater

d) Slime mold

e) Algae

40. Which density-dependent factor controlsthe size of a population?

a) wind velocity

b) light intensity

c) nutrient supply

d) rainfall

e) all of the above

***********************************************************************************************************

MATCHING SECTION #1 ï¿½ 1 point each

**Do not enter your answers here.** Type inthe letter you select from the Definition/Association column as thebest answer on the Answer Sheet for the number represented belowfor the Term or Concept.

Term or Concept

1. Water molecule

2. Carbon

3. Homeostasis

4. Ionic Bonding

5. Covalent Bonding

6. Carbohydrate

7. Enzyme

8. Acid

9. Base

10. Lipid

Definition/Association

A. energy source

B. two atoms sharing electrons

C. electron donated/received

D. hydrophobic

E. element found in all living organisms

F. catalyst

G. OH-> H+

H. polar

I. characteristic of all living organisms

J. H+ > OH-

MATCHING SECTION #2 ï¿½ 1 point each

**Do not enter your answers here.** Type inthe letter you select from the Definition/Association column as thebest answer on the Answer Sheet for the number represented belowfor the Term or Concept.

Term or Concept

1. Ribosome

2. Mitochondria

3. Nucleus

4. Golgi apparatus

5. Smooth Endoplasmatic Reticulum

6. Membrane

7. Cell Wall

8. Lysosome

9. Chloroplast

10. Cilia

Definition or Association

A. packaging and transport

B. digestion

C. genetic material storage

D. protein assembly

E. structural support

F. lipid production

G. glucose breakdown

H. movement

I. oxygen production

J. contain transport proteins andreceptors

sangriaotter215

8. What is the weight of a quarter? _____________g ____________mg What is the weight of a penny? _____________g ____________mg (you may need to do an internet search for this) 9. What is your weight in lbs (feel free to flatter yourself if you want)? _______lbs note: 1 lb = 454 grams What is your weight in grams? _____________gm What is your weight in kilograms? _______________kg 10. Would you rather take a shower that was 99 degrees C or 99 degrees F? Explain. 11. Would you rather stick your tongue on a metal pole that is 2 degrees C or 2 degrees F? Explain. 12. If you weighed a bottle of water and found the water to weigh 1500 grams, what would the volume of that water be? ____________ 13. If the speed limit is 55 mph, what is it in kilometers per hour? ________kmph 14. How many milliliters in a 12 ounce can of pop? __________ml 15. Humans are made up of mostly water (about 70%), so assuming you are 100% water and using the values from question # 9, estimate the total volume of your body in liters and milliliters. ________________ml ______________l16. If a person produced 10 mg of a particular hormone per day, how many days would it take for that person to produce 1 gram of the hormone? ________ 17. If your blood volume is 5 liters, and each beat of your heart pushes out 70 ml of blood and your heart rate of 70 beats per minute, how long does it take for all of your blood to move through your heart? ______________ 18. If each beat of your heart pushes out 50 ml of blood and your heart rate of 65 beats per minute, how long does it take for 10 liters of your blood to move through your heart? __________________ 19. If you take in 450 ml of air with each breath and your breathing rate is 11 breaths per minute, how much air do you breath in each in one hour? ________. 20. If a nerve impulse travels at 1 meters/sec, how long does it take for that impulse to travel: 1 meter? _____________ 0.5 meters? ___________ 0.1 meter? __________ 1 cm __________ 1 mm __________ 21. If blood volume is 5 liters

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The D value for Salmonella typhimurium is 81 sec at 60 C. If raw chicken is typically covered in 1 X 108Salmonella per sq cm, how long must you blanch the chicken at 60 C to package safe chicken meeting the public health standard of a maximum of 2 X 102Salmonella per sq cm?

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