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under certain conditions, cytochrome c can trigger apoptosis, or programmed cell death, by activating cytosolic proteins known as caspases. (a) why doesnt cytochrome c trigger apoptosis in healthy cells? (b) what must happen in order for cytochrome c to activate the caspases?
Cardiolipin makes up more than 20% of the membrane lipids of the inner mitochondrial membrane. This is believed to facilitate the association of peripheral membrane proteins, such as cytochrome c, with the membrane. identify the direct molecular interactions that would facilitate this from the following list.
(Aspartic-acid:phosphate)
(Theroinine:phosphate)
(Leucine:hydroxyl) (Tyrosine:ethanolamine)
(Ceramide:glutamine)
(Lysine: phosphate)
(Aspartic acid: acyl chain)
(Histidine:acyl chain)
(Arginine:phosphate) (Serine:acyl chain)
(Isoleucine:phosphate)
(Isoleucine:inositol) (Glutamine:acyl chain)
(Histidine:phosphate)
(Acyl chain:acyl chain) (Amine:acyl chain)
The lysine decarboxylase test medium contained 5 grams of lysine and 1 gram of glucose per liter. Why is glucose important for this test to work? Also, how would reversing the amounts of lysine and glucose in the test medium (i.e., using 1 gram of lysine and 5 grams of glucose instead) affect the outcome of the test and why?
