BIO 361 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: N-Terminus, Electrospray Ionization, Pehr Victor Edman

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apricotbat916

3 Feb 2021

School

Stony Brook University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 361

Professor

Stephen Glynn

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Document Summary

Proteins can be described at different levels of complexity. Primary structure - description of all covalent bonds linking amino acid residues in a polypeptide chain; sequence of amino acids. Secondary structure - stable arrangements of amino acid residues giving rise to recurring structural patterns. Tertiary structure - describes all the 3d aspects of folding the polypeptide. Quaternary structure - not all proteins have quaternary structure, used to describe the arrangement of 2+ polypeptide subunits. Function of protein depends on its amino acid sequence. Proteins with different functions always have different amino sequences. Defects ranging from a single change in the amino sequence to a deletion of a large portion of the polypeptide chain can cause human genetic diseases. Functionally similar proteins in different species have similar amino sequences. Some proteins in humans are polymorphic, meaning they have amino acid sequence variants in the human population. Amino acid sequence in some regions of primary structure may vary without affecting biological function.

Related Questions

1. A sequence of amino acids in a certain protein is found to be â Ser â Gly â Pro â Gly â

The sequence is most probably part of a(n):

a. beta turn

b. antiparallel beta sheet

c. alpha-helix

d. parallel beta-sheet

e. alapha-sheet

2. Which statement about peptides bonds is NOT TRUE?

There is perfectly free rotation about the peptide bond.

The peptide bond has partial double-bond character.

The peptide bond is shorter than a normal carbon-nitrogen single bond.

The peptide bond usually has a trans configuration with respect to the alpha-carbons of the two amino acids involved in the peptide bond.

Peptide bonds are made via condensation of an amine and a carboxylic acid with loss of water.

3. Which of the following statements about proteins is FALSE?

	Active proteins are generally very loosely structured.
	In water-soluble proteins, hydrophobic amino acid residues are generally buried and not exposed to water.
	Primary structure determines tertiary structure.
	Secondary structure is regular, recurring arrangements in space of nearby amino acid residues in a polypeptide.
	Quaternary structure involves the interaction of subunits in a protein with more than one polypeptide chain.

maroonwallaby335

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

False

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

cell fate

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

chloroplasts

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

nucleus

mitochondria

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2

R Group or functional group

COOH

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

5-carbon sugar

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

phospholipids

cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

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