BIOL 1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: C-Terminus, N-Terminus, Cell Nucleus

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aquamarinehedgehog308

12 Oct 2014

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Contain central c to which these are attached: Amino acids are joined to form un-branched chains. The bond joining them is a peptide bond. An amino acid chain will always have an amino terminus on one end and a carboxyl terminus on the other for directionality. Primary: description of the covalent bonds and sequence of amino acids in proteins. Tertiary: 3-d pattern of folding stabilized by weak bonds (not dependent of peptide bonds) Quaternary: 3-d pattern of joining several different polypeptide chains, they never connect rather, they sit closely or wrap around each other. If it is not denatured too much, it can return to original shape. Complementary base pairing (h bonds) (a t & g c) 5" end where phosphate is and 3" end where sugar is for directionality. Not only a component of nucleid acid but also important in cellular energetics. *nucleic acids and proteins need nitrogen, carbs and fatty acids don"t.

Related Questions

For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once. Proteins are ______________ built from amino acids, which each have an amino group and a _____________ group attached to the central _______________. There are twenty possible _______________ that differ in structure and are generally referred to as âR.â In solutions of neutral pH, amino acids are _______________, carrying both a positive and negative charge. When a protein is made, amino acids are linked together through _______________, which are formed by condensation reactions between the carboxyl end of the last amino acid and the ___________________ end of the next amino acid to be added to the growing chain.

a: amino	b: ionized	c: polypeptides
d: alpha-carbon	e: length	f: protein
g: carbon	h: noncovalent	i: R group
j: carboxyl	k: peptide bonds	l: side chains

m: hydroxide

indigofrog836

Instructions

BACKGROUND

The amino acid sequence for a protein that is associated with the onset of Huntington's Disease in humans is 582 amino acids long and is provided below. This disease is autosomal dominant and results in a prolonged degeneration of nerve cells in the brain.

INSTRUCTIONS

For this assignment, use any method you determine most feasible (i.e. programming in MATlab, R script, Crystal Ball, Witchcraft/Hocus Pocus, etc.) to decipher the amino acid composition of this protein and answer the 15 questions associated with this protein and its associated amino acid structure.

You will be calculating proportions (percentages - %) for this assignment. Calculate all proportions to 1 decimal place and make sure you have rounded up or down correctly. If unsure, use a spreadsheet program such as Excel to display your proportional calculations to 1 decimal place.

Spelling matters (Incorrect spelling will be graded as such - incorrect).

Huntington Disease Associated Protein Amino Acid Sequence

The first amino acid below ('m') represents the amino (NH3) terminus of this protein. The last amino acid in this sequence represents the carboxy (COOH) terminus and is the very last 'c' at the bottom of this protein sequence structure. The amino acids are numbered individually across the rows (left to right) beginning from the amino terminus (#1) to the carboxy terminus (#582).

mvskreniat	hhlyqawdpv	pslspattga	lisheklllq	inperelgsm	syklgqvsih
svwlgnsitp	lreeewdeee	eeeadapaps	spptspvnsr	khragvdihs	csqfllelys
rwilpsssar	rtpailisev	vrsllvvsdl	fternqfelm	yvtltelrrv	hpsedeilaq
ylvpatckaa	avlgmdkava	epvsrllest	lrsshlpsrv	galhgilyvl	ecdllddtak
qlipvisdyl	lsnlkgiahc	vnihsqqhvl	vmcatafyli	enypldvgpe	fsasiiqmcg
vmlsgseest	psiiyhcalr	glerlllseq	lsrldaeslv	klsvdrvnvh	sphramaalg
lmltcmytgk	ekvspgrtsd	pnpaapdses	vivamervsv	lfdrirkgfp	cearvvaril
pqflddffpp	qdimnkvige	flsnqqpypq	fmatvvykvf	qtlhstgqss	mvrdwvmlsl
snftqrapva	matwslscff	vsastspwva	ailphvisrm	gkleqvdvnl	fclvatdfyr
hqieeeldrr	afqsvlevva	apgspyhrll	tclrnvhkvt	tc	CARBOXY TERMINUS

I need these decoded in order to answer the following questions:

a.) What is the name of the least abundant amino acid in this protein and what proportion of the total amino acids in the protein does this individual amino acid represent?

b.) What is the proportion of essential amino acids included in this protein sequence?

c.)How many Tryptophan residues are present in this protein sequence?

d.) The amino acid sequence from residues 73-85 is represented by the amino acids EEEWDEEEEEEAD, how would you generally classify this small region of the protein

e.) Two amino acids are present in the same proportion in this protein, which two are those?

f.) How many positively charged amino acids are present in this protein?

g.)Which class of amino acids is the most abundant in this protein?

h.) What amino acid(s) is/are present at locations 572 and 582 in the Huntington Disease protein (Full Amino Acid Name(s))

i.) What type of structure could form between these amino acids that could help stabilize this protein's structure?

j.) How many valine residues are present in this protein?

k.)Which class of amino acids is least abundant in this protein?

l.) How may negatively charged amino acids are present in the Huntington disease protein?

m.) How many Aspartic Acid residues are present in this protein and what proportion do they represent of the total amino acids in this protein?

n.)Summed together, how many hydrophilic amino acid residues are present in this protein?

o.)What is the sequence of amino acids from positions 487-492 (First letters only)?

p.) How would you classify this area of the Huntington protein based on these amino acids?

In B. taurulious a few amino acids are removed fromthe C-terminus of the ? -globin enzyme after it is synthesized.

The sequence of the original C-terminus can bededuced by comparing it to a mutant in which the reading frame

is shifted by the insertion or deletion of anucleotide and the mutant ? -globin escapes cleavage. The aminoacid

sequences of the purified wild-type enzyme and theframe shift mutant from amino acid 263 to the C-terminal end

are given below:

Wild type: N M N G K

Frameshift mutant: N M I W Q I C V M K D

a- what was the mutational event that gave rise tothe frameshift mutant?

b- Deduce the number of amino acids in thesynthesized form of the wild-type enzyme and, as far as

possible, the sequence of the deleted C-terminus.

scarlethound300

BIOL 1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: C-Terminus, N-Terminus, Cell Nucleus

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