BIO 209 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Start Codon, Transferase, Glycosylation
6 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Intracellular compartments allow concentration: membrane based compartments allows specialized activity to occur. There are different proportions of compartments in different parts of the cell. Structures associated with eukaryotes came much later than those associated with prokaryotes: nuclear pore complexes- move things into or out of the nucleus. Endosymbiotic theory- a symbiotic relationship between an aerobic prokaryote and eukaryote gave rise to the mitochondria. Explains why both mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes and their own dna. Secretory and endocytic compartments of eukaryotes can communicate with each other. Transport often involves packaging into lipid vesicles: determinants used to decide where vesicles are supposed to go. Protein trafficking: gated transport- moves proteins between cytosol and nucleus via nuclear pore complexes. Transmembrane transport- facilitated by translocators: vesicular transport- membrane enclosed transport that occurs via membrane fusion, vesicles are lipid based. Proteins never cross the membrane: can fuse with other phospholipid based compartments. Fuse first with donor compartment and then the target compartment.
