BIO 1140 Study Guide - Final Guide: Nuclear Membrane, Cell Membrane, Vacuole

63 views6 pages

jadesalmon706

10 Sep 2016

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Study Guides, a Grade+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

What is a cell? the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Cells arise only from division of pre-existing cells. Multicellular vs. unicellular have different characteristics and therefore different functions. 2 for efficiency in: 1) diffusion: (the larger the surface area, the greater the diffusion able to occur) 2) equilibrium ( faster the equilibrium can be reached) The nucleus and other specialized internal structures and compartments of eukaryotic cells. How do cells communicate? by gap junction cytokine. Rough er a. i) thousands of ribosomes are attached a. ii) proteins fold and take on their complex structure. Smooth er: a. i) no ribosomes: does not make proteins a. ii) synthesis lipids for the cell membranes. Vesicles that transport proteins a. i) transport proteins from one organelle to another. Peroxisomes: a. ii) contains enzymes that digest fatty acids and amino acids a. iii) inactivates toxins.

Related Questions

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

	A.	biosphere.
	B.	community.
	C.	biosystem.
	D.	population.
	E.	ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

	A.	identify a problem.
	B.	predict the results of an experiment.
	C.	propose a solution.
	D.	draw a conclusion.
	E.	perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

	A.	heredity.
	B.	metabolism.
	C.	development.
	D.	evolution.
	E.	heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

	A.	carry on metabolism.
	B.	reproduce.
	C.	constantly change.
	D.	be able to move.
	E.	extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

	A.	family
	B.	phylum
	C.	domain
	D.	kingdom
	E.	order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

	A.	Archaea
	B.	Eukarya
	C.	Bacteria
	D.	Fungi

erinhare264

Question 1

Which of the following provides the best description of adifference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?.l.14.3>

The cell membrane of prokaryotic cells contains proteins, whilethe cell membrane of eukaryotic cells contains only lipids andcarbohydrates.

The DNA in eukaryotic cells is enclosed in the nucleus, whilethe DNA in prokaryotic cells is not separated from the rest of thecellÃ¢â¬â¢s contents.

Eukaryotic cells have cell walls that consist mainly of sugars,while prokaryotic cells do not.

Prokaryotic cells contain chloroplasts and mitochondria, whileeukaryotic cells do not contain specialized organelles.

Question 2

Cellular respiration is a process involving the breakdown ofglucose molecules in order to generate energy for cellularactivities. Given the general reaction below, which of thefollowing best describes the products labeled x andy?

C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ Ã¢â â _x___+ __y___ + energy.l.18.8>

The products are CO (carbon monoxide) andH₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide), which thendecompose into carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water(H₂O).

The products are H2O (water) and CO₂ (carbondioxide), which then undergo anaerobic respiration.

The products are CO₂ (carbon dioxide) andH₂O (water), which then become the reactants forphotosynthesis.

The products are O₂ (oxygen) and H₂O(water), which are then used for growth and to keep the organismhydrated.

Question 3

If a researcher added a quantity of phospholipid molecules to abeaker of water, what would be most likely to happen to theorientation of the phospholipid molecules?.l.14.2>

They would break apart, and the remaining lipid tails wouldfloat up and form a layer on the surface of the water.

Their lipid tails would align within a spherical double layerwith their phosphate heads in the water inside and outside thesphere.

They would form a single-layered sphere with the phosphate headspointing outward and the lipid tails pointing inward.

Their lipid tails would adhere to the glass of the beaker andtheir phosphate heads would float in the water.

Question 4

While looking at a cell under a microscope, a scientist is ableto see a biological molecule. This molecule is a nucleic acid witha ladder structure and contains the nitrogenous bases adenine,thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Based on this information, whatconclusion can the scientist draw regarding this nucleicacid?.l.18.1>

The nucleic acid is RNA and would be found in the cellÃ¢â¬â¢snucleus.

The nucleic acid is RNA and would be found in the cytoplasm.

The nucleic acid is DNA and would be found in the cytoplasm.

The nucleic acid is DNA and would be found in the cellÃ¢â¬â¢snucleus.

Question 5

Which of the following is needed for cellular respiration tooccur?.l.18.8>

Sodium

Oxygen

Water

Nitrogen

Question 6

What would be the most likely effect if the side chain of an aminoacid group was unable to vary its structure?.l.18.4>

The organism would not be able to make and store starches.

The organism would not be able to process glucose moleculeseffectively.

The organism would not be able to regulate the creation ofspecialized cells.

The organism would not be able to make more than one type ofprotein.

Question 7

During photosynthesis, unused oxygen atoms form oxygen gas(O₂) which is released as a waste product. How did theseoxygen atoms originally enter the plant?.l.18.7>

They were part of the ATP molecules gathered by thechloroplasts.

They were part of the sugar molecules(C₆H₁₂O₆) the plant brought in forfood.

They were part of the carbon dioxide (CO₂) moleculesthat entered through the leaves.

They were part of the water molecules (H₂O) pulled inthrough the roots.

Question 8

Which of the following organelles houses DNA in eukaryoticcells?.l.14.3>

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Nucleus

Mitochondrium

Question 9

M. J. Schleiden shifted the scientific community's attention tocellular processes with his.l.14.1>

attention to disproving spontaneous generation

publication of ideas on cell generation

theories on the division of cells

claim that cells were the basic unit of all plant matter

Question 10

While the average human is able to hold his or her breath forapproximately one minute, a whale can dive for over 30 minuteswithout returning to the surface. Which of the following correctlydescribes this difference?.l.18.10>

Whales need less energy than humans.

Whales gather energy from their environment better thanhumans.

Whales are able to tolerate the products of cellular respirationbetter than humans.

Whales have a slower cellular respiration metabolism rate thanhumans.

Question 11

What can you conclude about the advantage of the cell membranehaving hydrophobic ends in the phospholipid bilayer?.l.18.3>

The cell requires the ability to digest and eliminateenzymes.

The cell requires a barrier between itself and itsenvironment.

The cell requires a means to store starches and glucose.

The cell requires a structure for eliminating waste.

Question 12

What would be the most likely outcome if the ribosomes of a cellwere damaged and stopped functioning?.l.14.3>

The cell would lose structure and shape.

Cell growth and repair would slow or stop.

Cell waste would no longer be processed.

The cell would produce more mitochondria.

ivoryjackal958

Flag this Question

Question 211 pts

Blood cells placed in pure water will burst because there is a net movement of water out of the cell.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 221 pts

Photosynthesis takes place in tiny organelles within the cell known as mitochondria.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 231 pts

The balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration is

C6H12O6 + 6O2 â 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 or 38 ATP

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 241 pts

A catalyst is anything that speeds up a chemical reaction.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 251 pts

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 261 pts

Changes in temperature and pH may speed up or slow down the activity of an enzyme.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 271 pts

There are 20 different amino acids.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 281 pts

The products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 291 pts

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Cell Theory?

Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell.

Cells are the smallest units of structure and function

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Cells can vary their shape and size to suit the environment for survival.

Flag this Question

Question 301 pts

What is the name of the two subatomic particles that can be found in the nucleus of an atom?

neutrons and electrons

protons and neutrons

protons and electrons

protons and morons

Flag this Question

Question 311 pts

Atoms that have either a positive or negative charge are known as:

Flag this Question

Question 321 pts

An atom with an unfilled outer energy level (electron shell) is likely to be:

inert

unable to form bonds with other atoms

reactive

extremely stable

Flag this Question

Question 331 pts

All living things are able to maintain stable internal conditions. This is known as

metabolism

homeostasis

heredity

cellular organization

Flag this Question

Question 341 pts

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the five basic properties shared among living organisms?

made of one or more cells

grow and reproduce

posses DNA

need oxygen to survive

Flag this Question

Question 351 pts

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) in the stratosphere cause:

global warming due to increased CO2

increase ozone levels by converting O2 to O3 and decreasing UV passage to Earth.

act as a catalyst to destroy ozone increasing UV passage to Earth.

increased ice crystal formation that cools the earth.

Flag this Question

Question 361 pts

The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring is known as:

Flag this Question

Question 371 pts

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in muscle cells of the human body.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 381 pts

If carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, how many electrons must it have to be electrically neutral?

Flag this Question

Question 391 pts

The loss of an electron is known as _______; the gain of an electron is known as ________.

reduction; oxidation

transduction; adduction

oxidation; reduction

removal; addition

Flag this Question

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

blushfox941

BIO 1140 Study Guide - Final Guide: Nuclear Membrane, Cell Membrane, Vacuole

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Biology

Concepts of Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

BIO 1140 Lecture Notes - Cell Theory, Prokaryote, Eukaryote

BIO 1140 Lecture Notes - Arabidopsis Thaliana, Matthias Jakob Schleiden, Rudolf Virchow

BIO 1140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cytoskeleton, Plant Cell, Slimmy

Related Questions