KP381 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Negative Approach, Reinforcement, Motivation
Document Summary
Positive approach focuses on rewarding appropriate behaviour which increases the likelihood of desirable responses occurring in the future. Negative approach focuses on punishing undesirable behaviours, which should lead to future redirection of these inappropriate behaviours. Most coaches and instructors combine positive and negative approaches. Sport psychologist agree that the predominant approach with physical activity and sport participants should be positive because the negative approach often instills fear in participants. Early learning - continuous and immediate reinforcement desirable. Learned skill - intermittent and immediate reinforcement desirable. Punishment can control and change behaviour, but 80% to 90% of reinforcement should be positive. Punishment can deter future cheating or wrongdoing. Punishment can create an unpleasent, aversive learning environment. Be consistent by giving everyone the same type of punishment for breaking similar rules. Punish the behaviour not the person - convert to the person that its his or her behaviour that needs to change. Successful sport participation is all about changing behaviour.
