BIO202H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Gas Constant, Ion Channel, Acetylcholinesterase

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3 Aug 2018

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Cells can be electrically neutral because of membranes that exist in the body. Your cells are electrically neutral unless something triggers the ions inside to change their concentrations. I: flow (current) of energy from one point to another. Electrical potential is determined by the flow of energy from one point to another as well as the resistance of this flow. Resistors in a cell could be channels or other properties of the membrane that cause resistance of flow. There can be resistance outside of a cell, resistance within the membrane, as well as resistance inside the cell. Flow (current) of energy from one point to another also depends on length constant of the membrane (proportional to resistance), radius (inversely proportional to resistance), and capacitance (proportional to membrane area and thickness) Capacitance: quantity of charge needed to create a potential difference between two surfaces of the capacitor. Ion pump: voltage-gated channel, all of the above , none of the above.

Related Questions

59. Saltatory Conduction

a. occurs in unmyelinated nerve fiber

b. is slower than conduction by local current flow because the myelin acts as an insulator to show the impulse down

c. involves the impulse jumping from one node of ranvier ro adjacent node

d. refers to the action potential spreading from one schwann cell to the adjacent schwann cell.

e. more than one of the above is correct

63. the universal energy currency in cells is

a. RNA b. ATP c. Glucose d. Glucogen e. DNA

66. which of the classes of hormones triggers the synthesis of new intracellular proteins within the target cell (via stimulation of DNA transcription and translation)?

a. peptides b. catecholamines c. steroids d. thyroid hormone e. both c and d are correct

68. hormones,

a. are all similar chemical composition

b. combine with specific receptors on the target cell's surface or inside the target cell

c. are secreted at a constatnt rate

d. all act by activating adenyl cyclase, which transforms ATP into cAMP

e. all of the above are correct

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

False

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

cell fate

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

chloroplasts

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

nucleus

mitochondria

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2

R Group or functional group

COOH

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

5-carbon sugar

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

phospholipids

cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

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Question 601 pts

The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

nucleolus

mitochondria

sangriarat617

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a tool that has been very useful in identifying what parts of the brain do what. Scientists can have a person perform some particular activity and then look for active areas in the brain. How does fMRI work?

	A.	It takes a picture of the inside of the brain according to electricity levels. The more electrical current in the area, the more active it is.
	B.	It takes a picture of the inside of the brain according to blood flow. More blood flow indicates more activity in that area.
	C.	It takes images of thin layers of the brain and the more electrical activity in a layer, the more magnetic it is and this shows up in fMRI.
	D.	Electrodes attached to the skull can trigger activity in particular brain areas which then trigger a person to perform certain behaviors.
	E.	It takes a picture of the brain according to oxygen levels. More oxygen in an area indicates more activity in that area.

The strategy of vaccination to fight diseases uses what type of immunity?

	A.	Non-specific immunity
	B.	Cell-mediated immunity
	C.	Natural immunity
	D.	Specific immunity
	E.	Passive immunity

If you came into contact with Vibrio, what defense do you have to keep it from even getting to your intestines?

	A.	Your skin is an effective barrier against bacteria you come in contact with.
	B.	Antimicrobial enzymes in saliva
	C.	Acid in the stomach
	D.	Mucous membranes in the digestive and respiratory tract
	E.	All of the above

What do B cells do when they identify a pathogen?

	A.	Engulf and eat it
	B.	Kill it
	C.	Produce antigens to bind to the pathogen and memory cells to guard against future infection.
	D.	Produce antibodies to bind to the pathogen and memory cells to guard against future infection.
	E.	Engage helper T cells to fight the infection

There are chemical signals that call on non-infected cells to help fight a virus. Which are they?

	A.	Complement proteins
	B.	Macrophages
	C.	B cells
	D.	Interferons
	E.	Natural killer cells

When someone gets a bone marrow transplant, they have to be quarantined and carefully protected from pathogens for a period of time afterward. Why?

	A.	Bone marrow produces the main cells involved in the specific immune response, so these patients are at special risk of infection until they build up enough marrow to produce sufficient cells.
	B.	Bone marrow produces blood cells, so they have insufficient circulation for a period of time so their immune system lacks the energy to fight off any infection.
	C.	Anytime a foreign substance, even someone else's bone marrow, is introduced to a body, there is an extra risk of infection.
	D.	A common complication of bone marrow transplants is infection, and doctor's don't want the infection to spread to others.
	E.	It's a traumatic procedure, and any extra stress on their body could kill them.

BIO202H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Gas Constant, Ion Channel, Acetylcholinesterase

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