PSYC 1000U Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Hindsight Bias, Critical Thinking, Naturalistic Observation
September 18, 2017
Psych
Lecture two
Why research?
How?
• Naturalistic observation
• Surveys and questionnaires
• Case studies
If we want to know something, we use:
• Common sense
• Intuition
o make reasonable guesses based on experiences, thought, and beliefs
• We could ask others
• Authority heuristic
o believing those in power
• Limited knowledge of others
• Validity and reliability of existing information
• We could conduct research
• Test it out for our self
Limits of intuition
• Persoal iterieers ay rely too uh o their gut feelig he eetig ith jo
applicants
Hindsight bias
• i-knew-it-all-alog
Scientific research
• More effective and generalizable than intuition
• Avoids hindsight bias
• Comes with strengths and weaknesses
i.e.
does marijuana impair memory?
Could ask people would smoke and ask if they think it affects memory
• Surveys
• Interview
We could study someone who smokes and test their memory
• Observations
• Case studies
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
How: naturalistic observation, surveys and questionnaires, case studies. If we want to know something, we use: common sense. Limits of intuition: perso(cid:374)al i(cid:374)ter(cid:448)ie(cid:449)ers (cid:373)ay rely too (cid:373)u(cid:272)h o(cid:374) their (cid:858)gut feeli(cid:374)g(cid:859) (cid:449)he(cid:374) (cid:373)eeti(cid:374)g (cid:449)ith jo(cid:271) applicants. Could ask people would smoke and ask if they think it affects memory: surveys. We could study someone who smokes and test their memory: observations, case studies. We could test if group of people who are given weed demonstrate poorer memory than those who are not given it: experiment. Importance (cid:858)fa(cid:272)ts(cid:859) a(cid:374)d (cid:858)truths(cid:859) i(cid:374) the (cid:449)orld ofte(cid:374) (cid:272)o(cid:373)e fro(cid:373) resear(cid:272)h the more you know about research, more you will know when to trust and when not to trust research reported. Underlying principal to scientific research: curiosity, skepticism, parsimony, humility. Critical thinking: analyzing, rather than simply accepting information. *correlations never prove cause and effect (cid:894)does(cid:374)(cid:859)t i(cid:374)terfere (cid:449)ith parti(cid:272)ipa(cid:374)ts(cid:895) uses statistical analyse of relationship between variables.
