CHEM 123 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Organic Reactions, Methyl Group, Chemical Formula

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whitehedgehog343

3 Apr 2017

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CHEM 123 Full Course Notes

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>topics in chem 123: organic molecules (structure & function[al groups], define functional groups, how organic molecules are connected, 3d structure and rotations. 2: structural variability, optical isomers, reactivity a. >2 types of hydroc: saturated (c-c bonds, alkanes-no rings, cycloalkanes-single c bonds ring, unsaturated (c double/triple bonds, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics (1 or more aromatic rings-alternating double bonds) >methods to represent organic structures: condensed structure (i. e. ch3ch2ch3, lewis structure, line structure-be careful of hidden h (ie. c before methyl group in aromatic ring, wedge-dash structure. >constitutional isomers: definition: same chemical formula but different atom connectivities (still need octets, minimize formal charges, etc. ) i. ii. Test: different atom connectivities different #h attached to c backbone ii. 1. aka different degree of unsaturation/saturation: different chemical and physical properties. *watch out for same iupac names because single bonds can rotate. >list of important non-iupac branching substituent groups to memorize (^ = up dash: methyl (-ch3, ethyl (-ch2ch3, propyl (-ch2ch2ch3) 4. iso-propyl (ch3^chch3: butyl (-ch2ch2ch2ch3, sec-butyl (ch3^chch2ch3)

Related Questions

Classify each of the following statements as true or false:

a) To be classified as organic, a compound must be or have been part of a living organism.

b) Carbon atoms normally form four bonds in organic compounds.

c) Only an unsaturated hydrocarbon can engage in an addition reaction.

d) Members of a homologous series differ by a distinct structural unit.

e) Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

f) Alkyl groups are a class of organic compounds.

g) Isomers have the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas.

h) Cis-trans isomerism appear among alkenes but not alkynes.

i) All aliphatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated.

j) Aromatic hydrocarbons have a ring structure.

k) An alcohol has an alkyl group bonded to an oxygen atom, and an ether has two.

l) Carbonyl groups are found in alcohols and aldehydes.

m) An ester is an aromatic carbon made from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

n) An amine has one, two, or three alkyl groups substituted for hydrogens in an ammonia molecule.

o) An amide has the structure of a carboxylic acid except that replaces OH in the carboxyl group.

p) A peptide linkage series arises when a water molecule forms from a hydrogen from the of one amino acid molecule an from an another amino acid molecule.