ANBI 470.3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cold Chain, Antibody, Antigen

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Killed vaccines
- whole virus or bacteria killed by heat or chemical treatment
- rabies and polio vaccines are examples
- advantage
orelatively safe
- disadvantages
oloss of antigenic properties due to chemical treatment
treatments used to kill the bacteria/ virus will change the proteins of
them
so some cases you get so much change to the proteins that the
antibodies generated do not protect/ bind against the live protein of the
bacteria/virus
opoor cell-mediated immunity
this will not usually generate cytotoxic T cells
indigenous proteins that are made inside the cell are presented by MHC
1 cells
this is how cytotoxic T cells response are made
so you need the dead virus proteins to be made in the cell to get
cytotoxic T cells
you can get them on MHC class 2 because phagocytosis into the cell but
not in class 1
ousually require an adjuvant
because it is dead it will not be difficult to get rid of in the body so won't
get a good immune response of the virus
generally acts as a slow release vehicle so when you inject it the antigen
slowly comes out of the adjuvant and slowly exposed to the immune
system
they have components that activate antigen presenting cells (immune
response)
Subunit vaccine
- contains 1 or at most a few components of the infectious agent
- usually recombinantly produced
- advantages
osafe because purifying a protein
- disadvantages
omust identify subunit eliciting protective immunity
have to identify which protein to make that is protected an if you make
antibodies against just one protein will it be protected?
sometimes if inject with the whole organism then you are protected
against tons of proteins
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