NURS 2004 Lecture 6: Adverse Drug Reactions and Medication Errors
20 Mar 2017
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Adverse drug reactions and medication errors (chapter 8) Adverse drug reactions (adrs)- also known as adverse drug events (ades) Adverse drug reactions- any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses; excludes excessive dosages; can range from annoying to life-threatening. Respiratory depression, neutropenia, hepatocellular injury, anaphylaxis, hemorrhage. Possibly 110,000 deaths a year due to adrs. Side effect- a nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at therapeutic doses; may develop soon after drug is initiated or not until drug has been taken for weeks or months. Toxicity- adverse drug reaction caused by excessive dosing; may occur even with normal dosing; neutropenia (risk for infection) and anticancer medications. Allergic reaction- immune response; determined primarily by the degree of sensitization of the i(cid:373)(cid:373)u(cid:374)e syste(cid:373), (cid:374)ot (cid:271)y drug dosage; patie(cid:374)t"s se(cid:374)siti(cid:448)ity to a drug (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ge o(cid:448)er time. Very few drugs cause severe allergic reaction. Allergies may also be induced by sulfonamides (diuretics, antibiotics, and oral hypoglycemic agents)
