BIOL 4241 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Enterovirus, Gastrointestinal Tract, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

• School: Memorial University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 4241
• Professor: Steven Carr

Document Summary

Incidences tend to increase as you increase latitude. There is also a notable seasonal variation in the incidence of t1d in many countries, with lower rates in the warm summer months, and higher rates during the cold winter. Environmental risk factors: the epidemiological patterns described above suggest that environmental factors contribute to the etiology of the t1d. The t1d environmental risk factors that have received most attention are viruses and infant nutrition. Another h(cid:455)pothesis: e(cid:454)posure to cow"s proteins: another hypothesis that has been the subject of considerable interest relates to early e(cid:454)posu(cid:396)e to (cid:272)o(cid:449)(cid:859)s (cid:373)ilk p(cid:396)otei(cid:374) a(cid:374)d the su(cid:271)se(cid:395)ue(cid:374)t de(cid:448)elop(cid:373)e(cid:374)t of t(cid:1005)d. It was also postulated that shorter duration of breast feeding may indirectly reflect early exposure to dietary proteins that stimulate an abnormal immune response in newborns. Interestingly, enteroviral infections can also interfere with gut immunoregulation, which may explain the epidemiologic associations between viral infections and t1d.