SOCIOL 1A06 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Credentialism And Educational Inflation, Escalator, Glass Ceiling
14 Jan 2017
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Sociology- Socialization
Socialization- the social process whereby people undergo development by interacting with
people around them.
*socialization is how people learn norms, values, and life styles people learn from their society
which allows them to survive
-we need social interaction for: brain, intellectual, social and physical development
-wont develop fine gross motor skills if there is not interaction. it is one of the essential needs
such as water, food, or shelter
-critical for development of language; small window of opportunity in the early years to develop
socialization
•it is a life long process; birth to death
•socialized within their cultural context
•how we learn the most basic human activities; using the washroom
•allows us to understand non verbal communications
•is how we learn the beliefs, norms, of a culture
•agents of socialization; families, educational institutions, media, religion, mcmaster
university, involvement in sports/teams, or peers
•sill set (physical, mental, emotional, social skills)
•self concept develops in relation to others
-socialization includes:
1. explicit learning vs subtle/ nuanced learning (not waving to say thank you when
someone on the road lets you in, or when taking the escalator, taking up both sizes
even though you know one side is for walking and one is for standing)
2. cross cultural variation (different ways of saying hello in different cultures)
Types of Socialization:
Primary Socialization: during childhood when the family is the most important agent of
socialization during this period.
•agents of socialization: groups individuals, and institutions that socialize an individual
(school, church, group)
•peer group: a groups of individuals that is roughly the same age and status
Secondary Socialization: occurs after early childhood ; through adulthood (university,
workplace, parenthood)
•takes place beyond the family
•ongoing process
•adjusting to new situations (university)
•transition to adulthood; lengthier and discontinuous
•increasing credentialism: requiring higher level of education when employers are looking
for a job which delays significant events such as a marriage and family
•e.g. when a person changes their job
Gender Socialization: is a type of learning where specific messages and practices are
associated with being either a male or female
•family is an agent; different chores are assigned to girls and guys (girls helping with the
dishes[domestic labour])
•toys and how they dress (pink for girls and blue for boys)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
•media- children fairytale stories; girls are taught that they need to be saved by a prince
(showing patriarchy)
Anticipatory Socialization: occurs normally during adolescence
•involves the preparation of oneself for new norms and values
•process by which we require knowledge and prepare for new experiences
•just a shift in the role; not completely new
•e.g. coming to university, learning to drive, becoming a parent (reading parenting books)
Re-Socialization: when people learn a new and different set of attitudes, values, and
behaviours
•voluntary: when an individual is not forced, but willing to take on a new status or role
(converting to a new religion)
•involuntary: forced to form a new role or status against their own will (prison, where they
are held against their will)
Nature versus Nurture
-sociology does not refute importance of biology
-historical and contemporary studies of feral and neglected children
Charles Cooley
-early 1900s
-how people develop a sense of self or self concepts
-he thought that our self concepts is tied to how we think other people view us
-looking glass self; constantly imagining the way that people view us, you can not interpret the
way people view us without being around other people
•Q: how might we apply the concept of the looking glass self to experience of being
overweight or having acne?
•A: people may think that you lack self control, judgement when it comes to being active or
eating well. it can be associated with bad habits
George Mead
-informed symbolic internationalism
-talked about taking the role of the other; the ability to interpret or understand another persons
perspectives
-we have to learn this skill because we are not born with it
•Q: how might we take the role of the other in deciding how to prepare for a job interview or
date?
•A: going to conform to the standards that you think the other person doing the interview is
looking for
-the self develops in 4 stages
1. imitative stage (imitating parents)
2. play stage (pretending to be other people)
3. game stage (being able to take the role of others at the same time)
4. generalized other (understanding how others see us)
Gender Socialization- gets us to behave in gender appropriate ways, maybe straining our
behaviour or establishing limits
(girls play with barbies, boys play with cars) ‘
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Socialization- the social process whereby people undergo development by interacting with people around them. *socialization is how people learn norms, values, and life styles people learn from their society which allows them to survive. We need social interaction for: brain, intellectual, social and physical development. Wont develop ne gross motor skills if there is not interaction. it is one of the essential needs such as water, food, or shelter. Sociology does not refute importance of biology. Historical and contemporary studies of feral and neglected children. How people develop a sense of self or self concepts. He thought that our self concepts is tied to how we think other people view us. Talked about taking the role of the other; the ability to interpret or understand another persons perspectives. Gender socialization- gets us to behave in gender appropriate ways, maybe straining our behaviour or establishing limits (girls play with barbies, boys play with cars) .
