BIOL214 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Acetyl-Coa

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salmoncrocodile477

6 Aug 2018

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Be able to write the reaction catalysed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Understand the essential features of the tca cycle: reduction of nad+, fad, loss of co2 etc. Understand the central role of the tca in metabolism: only a small amount of energy available in glucose is captured in glycolysis, fully oxidising glucose produces more energy. Cellular respiration occurs in 3 stages: glucose, fatty acids and some amino acids are oxidised to yield 2 carbon fragments in the form of the acetyl group (ch3-co-) of acetyl- Coa: the acetyl groups are fed into the tca cycle which enzymatically oxidised them to co2; the energy released is conserved in the electron carriers. Nadh and fadh2: these reduced coenzymes are then oxidised, giving up protons and electrons. The electrons are transferred to o2 (the final electron acceptor) via a chain of electron carrying molecules known as the respiratory chain.

Related Questions

1. During the TCA cycle, four reactions occur in which a pair of electrons are transferred from a substrate to an electron accepting coenzyme. These reactions are catalyzed by?

2.During the TCA cycle, four reactions occur in which a pair of electrons are transferred from a substrate to an electron accepting coenzyme. These reactions are catalyzed by?

3.Potent respiratory poison, including carbon monoxide, azide and cyanide have their toxic effect by binding to the heme a3 site of _____.

4.The first step in the TCA cycle is the condensation of the two-carbon acetyl group with a four-carbon _____ to form a six-carbon citrate molecule?

5.The inner mitochondrial membrane is virtually devoid of ____, and and rich in ____, which are characteristics of bacterial plasma membranes.

6.Iron sulfur centers are joined to the protein by linkage to a sulfur atom of a/n ___.

7.Decarboxylation of pyruvate and transfer of the acetyl group to CoA , along with the reduction of NAD₊ is catalyzed by ___.

8.When FADH₂ is the electron donor, electrons are passed directly to ____ in the respiratory chain

9.With the exception of ____, all of the redox centers within the respiratory chain that accept and donate electrons are prosthetic groups.

10.It iis evident fromt eh net equation fo the TCA cycle that the primary products of the pathway are the reduced coenzymes _____.

11. Complex III catalyzes the transfer of electrons from ___ to ___.

12. The passage of a pair of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone in the respiratory chain is accompanied by movement of roughly four protons from (the) ___ to (the) ___.

13. When NADH is the electron donor, electrons pass the respiratory chain by means of ____.

14. The matrix of the mitochondrion has a gel-like consistency owing to the presence of a high conentration of _____.

These are questions I missed on a quiz the instructor does not post what the answers should be and has not responded to my emails please help.

Thanks,

Amber

1)Pyruvate is one of the products of glycolysis that can be used by aerobic organisms to extract additional energy. Explain what happens to pyruvate after glycolysis, name the multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes this reaction, and name the cycle that the product feeds into.

2)Suppose you start with 1 molecule of glucose and go through glycolysis to produce 2 molecules of pyruvate. These 2 molecules of pyruvate are then converted into acetyl CoA which then go through the TCA cycle. Theoretically, how many total ATP can be formed through this process? (Account for NADH/FADH₂ produced). Show where each molecule of ATP is generated from.

3)Name the five types of membrane-bound electron carriers. All of the redox centers within the respiratory chain that accept and donate electrons are prosthetic groups except which?

4)Peroxisomes are the site of what? What properties do peroxisomes share with mitochondria?

Fill in the blank in the following table:

metabolic cycle	location pro/ eukaryote	components	substrates	products	pathway purpose
embden- meyerhof- parnas (glycolysis)	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	10 enzymes
pentose phosphate pathway	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	dozen enzyme	1 Glucose (6 carbon), 1 NADP, 1ATP	1 Ribose-P (5 carbon) + 1CO2, 1NADPH, or sugars, 1 ADP	Nucleotide synthesis, NADPH for anabolism
PDH reaction	cytoplasm/ mitochondria matrix
TCA/ Krebs/ citric acid cycle					generation of high energy electron carriers, provide metabolic precursors
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (aerobic respiration)
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (anaerobic respiration)			1Nitrate or sulfate or CO2, 1NADH + ____ ADP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ADP	N2, or NO2 or H2S or CH4 1NAD + ____ ATP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ATP	Generate proton motive forces abd use to generate ATP regenerate NAD+
Fermentation	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	1 or more enzymes (vary by organism)	1 pyruvate, 1 NADH	1 alcohol or acid (maybe 1 CO2) NAD+	Regenerate NAD+

BIOL214 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Acetyl-Coa

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