ACCT1501 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Accounts Receivable, Income Statement, Financial Statement Analysis

PROBLEM 15-15 Comprehensive Ratio Analysis (L015-2, L015-3, L015-4, L015-5, L015-6] You have just been hired as a financial analyst for Lydex Company, a manufacturer of safety hel- mets. Your boss has asked you to perform a comprehensive analysis of the company's financial statements, including comparing Lydex's performance to its major competitors. The company's financial statements for the last two years are as follows: Lydex Company Comparative Balance Sheet This Year Last Year $ 960,000 0 2,700,000 3,900,000 240,000 7,800,000 9,300,000 $17,100,000 $ 1,260,000 300,000 1,800,000 2,400,000 180,000 5,940,000 8,940,000 $14,880,000 Assets Current assets: Cash .... Marketable securities ......... Accounts receivable, net ........ Inventory .......... Prepaid expenses.......... Total current assets. ........ Plant and equipment, net ..... Total assets ............. Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Liabilities: Current liabilities. Note payable, 10% ................. Total liabilities .... .......... Stockholders' equity: Common stock, $78 par value ......... Retained earnings .................. Total stockholders' equity .............. Total liabilities and stockholders' equity.... $ 3,900,000 3,600,000 7,500,000 $2,760,000 3,000,000 5,760,000 7,800,000 1,800,000 9,600,000 $17,100,000 7,800,000 1,320,000 9,120,000 $14,880,000 Lydex Company Comparative Income Statement and Reconciliation This Year Last Year Sales (all on account) $15,750,000 $12,480,000 Cost of goods sold .. 12,600,000 9,900,000 Gross margin ....................... 3,150,000 2,580,000 Selling and administrative expenses ...... 1,590,000 1,560,000 Net operating income.................. 1,560,000 1,020,000 Interest expense ...................... 360,000 300,000 Net income before taxes ............... 1,200,000 720,000 Income taxes (30%) 360,000 216,000 Net income ........................ 840,000 504,000 Common dividends .................. 360,000 252,000 Net income retained 480,000 252,000 Beginning retained earnings ........ 1,320,000 1,068,000 Ending retained earnings ............... $ 1,800,000 $1,320,000 To begin your assigment you gather the following financial data and ratios that are typical of companies in Lydex Company's industry: 2.3 1.2 Current ratio ...................... Acid-test ratio ..... Average collection period ...... Average sale period .... Return on assets .... Debt-to-equity ratio .......... Times interest earned ratio ......... Price-earnings ratio .......... 30 days 60 days 9.5% 0.65 5.7 10 Required: 1. You decide first to assess the company's performance in terms of debt management and profit- ability. Compute the following for both this year and last year: a. The times interest earned ratio. b. The debt-to-equity ratio. c. The gross margin percentage. d. The return on total assets. (Total assets at the beginning of last year were $12.960,000.) e. The return on equity. (Stockholders' equity at the beginning of last year totaled $9,048,000. There has been no change in common stock over the last two years.) f. Is the company's financial leverage positive or negative? Explain. You decide next to assess the company's stock market performance. Assume that Lydex's stock price at the end of this year is $72 per share and that at the end of last year it was $40. For both this year and last year, compute: a. The earnings per share. b. The dividend yield ratio. c. The dividend payout ratio. d. The price-earnings ratio. How do investors regard Lydex Company as compared to other companies in the industry? Explain. e. The book value per share of common stock. Does the difference between market value per share and book value per share suggest that the stock at its current price is a bargain? Explain. 3. You decide, finally, to assess the company's liquidity and asset management. For both this year and last year, compute: a. Working capital. b. The current ratio. The acid-test ratio. d. The average collection period. (The accounts receivable at the beginning of last year totaled $1,560,000.) e. The average sale period. (The inventory at the beginning of last year totaled $1,920,000.) f. The operating cycle. g. The total asset turnover. (The total assets at the beginning of last year totaled $14,500,000.) 4. Prepare a brief memo that summarizes how Lydex is performing relative to its competitors.

Financial Statement Analysis Project—A Comparative Analysis ofOracle Corporation and Microsoft Corporation

Here is the link for the financial statements for OracleCorporation for the fiscal year ending 2011. First, select 2011using the drop-down arrow labeled Year on the right-hand side ofthe page, and then select Annual Reports using the drop-down arrowlabeled Filing Type on the left-hand side of the page.

You should select the 10k dated 6/28/2011 and choose to downloadin PDF, Word, or Excel format.

http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/investor-relations/sec/index.html

Here is the link for the financial statements for MicrosoftCorporation for the fiscal year ending 2011. You need to press theword Go on the left-hand side of the page. Then you shouldselect the 10k dated 7/28/2011 and choose to download in Word orExcel format.

http://www.microsoft.com/investor/SEC/default.aspx?year=2011&filing=annual

A sample project template is available for download in DocSharing. The sample project compares the ratio performance ofTootsie Roll and Hershey using the 2012 financial statements ofTootsie Roll and Hershey provided at their websites.

This course contains a Course Project. You will be required tosubmit one draft of the project at the end of Week 5 and the final,completed project at the end of Week 7. Using the financialstatements for Oracle Corporation and Microsoft Corporation,respectively, you will calculate and compare the financial ratioslisted further down this document for the fiscal year ending 2011and prepare your comments about the two companies’ performancebased on your ratio calculations. The entire project will be gradedby the instructor at the end of the final submission in Week 7, andone grade will be assigned for the entire project.

For the Final Submission

Your final Excel workbook submission should contain thefollowing items. You cannot use any software but Excel to completethis project.

A completed worksheet title page tab, which is really acoversheet with your name, the course, the date, your instructor’sname, and the title for the project.

A completed worksheet profiles tab that contains a one-paragraphdescription regarding each company with information about theirhistories, what products they sell, where they are located, and soon.

All 16 ratios for each company, with the supporting calculationsand commentary on your worksheet ratio tab. Supporting calculationsmust be shown either as a formula or as text typed into a differentcell. The ratios are listed further down this document. Yourcomments for each ratio should include more than just a definitionof the ratio. You should focus on interpreting each ratio numberfor each company and support your comments with the numbers foundin the ratios.

The Summary and Conclusions worksheet tab is an overallcomparison of how each company compares in terms of the majorcategory of ratios described in Chapter 13 of your textbook. A niceway to conclude is to state which company you think is the betterinvestment and why.

The Bibliography worksheet tab must contain at least yourtextbook as a reference. Any other information you use to profilethe companies should also be cited as a reference.

Required Ratios for Final ProjectSubmission

Earnings per Share of Common Stock

Current Ratio

Gross Profit Margin

Rate of Return on Sales (Net Profit Margin)

Inventory Turnover

Days’ Inventory Outstanding (DIO)

Accounts Receivable Turnover

Days’ Sales Outstanding (DSO)

Asset Turnover

Rate of Return on Total Assets (ROA)

Debt Ratio

Times Interest Earned Ratio

Dividend Yield (For the purposes of this ratio, useYahoo Finance to look up current dividend yield and stock price;just note the date that you looked up thisinformation.)

Rate of Return on Common Stockholders’ Equity (ROE)

Free Cash Flow

Price/Earnings Ratio (Multiple) (For the purpose of thisratio, for Oracle, use the market price per share on May 30, 2011and for Microsoft, use the market price per share on June 30,2011.)

The Excel files uploaded inthe Dropboxes should not include any unnecessary numbers orinformation (such as previous years' ratios, ratios that were notspecifically asked for in the project, etc.).

Here are some of theMicrosoft Ratios – (first 12) to ensure you are on the righttrack.

1. EPS – $2.73

2. Current ratio – 2.6

3. Gross profit rate – 77.7%

4. Profit margin ratio – 33.1%

5. Inventory turnover – 14.8

6. Day in inventory – 25 days

7. Receivable turnover – 5.0

8. Average Collection Period – 73 days

9. Asset Turnover Ratio – 0.72

10. Return on Assets Ratio –23.8%

11. Debt to Total AssetsRatio – 47.5%

12. Times Interest Earned –96.2

Thank you.

1. Apply to actual companies the basic knowledge and analytical techniques learned from our course.

2. Prepare common-size financial statements, comparative financial statements, and various profitability and risk ratios.

3. Compare the calculated results with competitors and across different years.

4. Summarize the analyses and make investment recommendations.

You will be analyzing the following firms:

Williams-Sonoma, Inc.

Pier 1 Imports, Inc.

For these firms, download the most recent annual report (10-K report) to begin your work. In 10-K reports, you can find companies’ basic information, financial statements, footnotes to the financials, and the management discussions and analyses. Please download the 10-K reports from the following web links:

10-K reports (fiscal year 2016) for Williams-Sonoma, Inc.

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/719955/000119312517104341/d265187d10k.htm

10-K reports (fiscal year 2015) for Williams-Sonoma, Inc.

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/719955/000119312516525847/d120289d10k.htm

10-K reports (fiscal year 2014) for Williams-Sonoma, Inc.

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/719955/000119312515118009/d851953d10k.htm#tx851953_13

10-K reports (fiscal year 2016) for Pier 1 Imports, Inc.

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/278130/000119312517136345/d343458d10k.htm

10-K reports (fiscal year 2015) for Pier 1 Imports, Inc.

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/278130/000119312516556025/d133529d10k.htm

10-K reports (fiscal year 2014) for Pier 1 Imports, Inc.

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/278130/000119312515153179/d881010d10k.htm#toc881010_13

For your convenience, I also provided the balance sheet and income statement of each company for the most recent years at the end (page 5-8; Table 1-4). Please use them to prepare common-size financial statements and comparative financial statements.

Guidance

The required tasks are detailed below:

(1) Prepare common-size balance sheets and income statements for both companies. Note: Compute for the most recent THREE years.

(2) Prepare comparative analysis (i.e., change of percentage analysis) on income statement and balance sheet for both companies. You should compute for the most recent THREE years.

(3) Prepare ratio analyses (for the same THREE year time period) for both companies. At least, you should include the following ratios in your computations: (1) current ratio, (2) acid-test ratio, (3) receivables turnover, (4) inventory turnover, (5) asset turnover, (6) profit margin on sales, (7) rate of return on assets, (8) rate of return on common stock equity, (9) earnings per share, (10) payout ratio, (11) debt to total assets ratio, (12) times interest earned, (13) cash debt coverage ratio, and (14) book value per share.

(4) Comment on the analytical results of the two companies. Your comments should concentrate on the trends across the companies. In addition to contrasting the ratios between the companies, you should interpret the numbers and make suggestions as to why the ratio of one company might be higher/lower than the other.

(5) Write a conclusive summary on the firms you have studied. Based upon your conclusions, recommend the better performing firm for potential investment. Your conclusions should be based upon, and specifically reference, the analyses prepared in this report.

(6) Read sample project to get some ideas.

Report Format Requirements:

A. Report body requirements:

Cover page. List the title of the project, your names, and semester/year.

Abstract or Executive Summary. This is a separate page. It should cover the purpose of the project, the major findings, and the conclusions/recommendations, in summary form.

Table of Contents.

Main body. Use the following sequence for report content:

Introduction to the two companies and to the purpose of the report

Analytical section. This should include all your numerical analyses. This is where you will discuss the results of, comments on, and conclusions about the vertical and horizontal common-size statements, comparative analysis (i.e., change of percentage analysis), and the ratio analyses for both companies.

Comparisons of companies and all other analysis (observations and/or interpretations). (You may combine b and c if you wish, as long as both are well covered.)

Conclusions and recommendation for investment.

References. List all major reference sources.

Appendices. Include tables and graphs of your numerical analyses. For reference convenience, assign a title to each separate item, such as Table 1, Exhibit 1, etc.

B. Typesetting requirements:

Use size 12 font. Times New Roman is preferred.

Double space between lines.

Number pages in accordance with the APA style guide.

One inch on all sides.

Do not right justify text. Use left justify.

Minimum length: 8 pages. (Note: You can easily meet the minimum length requirement since you will have a lot of tables in the paper.)

The submitted work should be in ONE file with a word or pdf format. An Excel spreadsheet file is NOT acceptable.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism will not be tolerated. Evidence of plagiarism will result in a grade of “F” to the course and be subject to appropriate disciplines.

NOTES:

A portion of your grade will be assessed based on the overall report quality, clarity, format, and cohesiveness.

A FREE RIDER in the group will not be tolerated. However, to report an alleged free rider, you should send me a formal written complaint. You should carefully manage your group over the semester to ensure that no teammate will take the chance of turning into a free rider. Try to contact/manage your teammates frequently and inform me if any member is not willing to participate the group work so we can address this issue ASAP. A free rider will receive his/her group project grades solely based on what he/she has contributed to the projects. If there is a free-rider in your group or a member drops the class, the rest of the group members are still expected to submit a COMPLETE paper.

Again, the balance sheet and income statements are provided at the end. Please use them to prepare common-size and comparative financial statements.

Table 1. Williams-Sonoma, Inc ----Balance Sheet

Table 2. Williams-Sonoma, Inc --- Statement of Income