BIO1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Endomembrane System

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emeralddinosaur518

6 Aug 2018

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Lecture 7 (structure and compartmentation in eukaryotic cells) Eukaryotic cell consists of endomembrane system, which includes the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various kinds of vesicles and vacuoles, and the plasma membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum (er) is such an extensive network of membranes that it accounts for more. Than half the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells. Endoplasmic reticulum consists of: smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not consist of ribosomes in its surface. These processes include synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons, and storage of calcium ions. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes on the outer surface of the membrane and thus appears rough through the electron microscope. These process aids in the production of secretory protein, er is a membrane factory of the cell; it grows in place by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane.

Related Questions

Complete the following sentences to examine various components of the endomembrane system.

Information within the ____________ is transcribed into mRNA and transported outside the nuclear envelope.

Proteins, which are synthesized by ____________ , are then released into the ____________ , where they are further folded and modified.

The ____________ does not have attached ____________ and produces lipids, such as steroids.

Once proteins are folded and modified, transport vehicles called ____________ pinch off and surround them with membranes to be transported elsewhere.

The vesicles are moved to the ____________ where they are sorted and packaged.

Transport vehicles called ____________ carry the macromolecules to the ____________ where they fuse and release their contents to the outside environment.

ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

vesicles

plasma membrane

rough endoplasmic reticulum

nucleus

secretory vesicles

Please match the following:Nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vesicles, lysosomes, central vacuole, mitochondrion, chloroplast, cell wall, cytoskeleton, gap junction, tight junction, plasmodesmataA. Structure between cells that forms leak proof sheetB. Stacks of membrane sacs that receive and modify protein products coming from the rERC. Fluid-Filled space between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane where organelles are suspendedD. Supports cell, maintains cell shape, acts as tracks for organelle movementE. Cellular respiration, bulk of ATP productionF. Outer border of plant cellsG. Storage, digestion, maintains, turgor pressure in plantsH. Genetic control center, directs cellular activitesI. Selective barrier of all cellsJ. Converts solar energy to chemical energyK. Structure that allows substances to flow from one cell to another cellL. protein factoryM. digestive compartment in animal cellsN. synthesis, modification, and packaging of proteinsO. transport shuttle busesP. stacks of tubules where carbohydrate and lipid are producedQ. Channels connecting neighboring plant cells

brownwoodchuck820

QUESTION 30

The function of centrosome is:

	1.	Microtubule initiation and organization in animal cells
	2.	Organization of thin filaments
	3.	Depolymerization of microtubules
	4.	Organization of intermediate filaments

2.5 points

QUESTION 31

The destinations of proteins synthesized on "free" ribomsomes include:

	1.	Endoplasmic reticulum
	2.	Nucleus
	3.	Mitochondria
	4.	Lysosomes

2.5 points

QUESTION 32

Microtubules can be assembled and disassembled quickly in response to the cellular changes is because:

	1.	Cells synthesize tubulin proteins very fast.
	2.	Cells can turn other cytoskeletal filaments into microtubules
	3.	Microtubules have an instable plus end and microtubules are probably organized by weak non-covalent interactions
	4.	The motor proteins of microtubules can organize the microtubules in response to the cellular changes

2.5 points

QUESTION 33

Both signal recognition particle and a translocon in rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane can recognize and bind to the signal sequence of a secretory protein, so they play the exact same role during protein co-translational translocation.

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 34

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is so named is because:

	1.	It has many proteins associated with its surface.
	2.	It has ribosomes associated with its cytosolic surface.
	3.	It is associated with nuclear membrane.
	4.	It has vesicles budding off its surface.

2.5 points

QUESTION 35

The membrane vesicles that transport materials between membrane compartments have a protein coat. The protein coat has similar functions in different vesicles. These functions include:

	1.	Help the enclosed material fold correctly.
	2.	Help degrade the protein in the vesicles
	3.	Maintain the internal pH of the vesicles
	4.	Function as mechanical device to form a vesicle and select the components to be carried by a vesicle.

2.5 points

QUESTION 36

Lysosomes are important for:

	1.	Receptor-mediated endocytosis.
	2.	Breaking down foreign particles brought into the cells by endosomes
	3.	Regulating the process of organelle turnover.
	4.	Protein trafficking between membrane compartments

2.5 points

QUESTION 37

Which of the following is correct about membrane biosynthesis?

	1.	Membranes are synthesized in Golgi Complex.
	2.	Membranes arise from preexisting endoplasmic reticulum membranes.
	3.	Membranes are synthesized on ribosomes.
	4.	Membranes of all organelles have the same composition of proteins and lipids, since they all originate from endoplasmic reticulum.

2.5 points

QUESTION 38

During skeletal muscle contractions, the shortening of the muscle fibers is because of:

		The shortening of the thin and thick myofilaments.
		The shortening of the cytoskeletal filaments.
		The kinesin proteins moving over microtubules.
		The actin and myosin filaments sliding over each other.

2.5 points

QUESTION 39

The assembly and disassembly of microtubules is regulated by rate of growth and shrinkage of the plus end.

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 40

The functions of Golgi complex include:

	1.	O-linked oligosaccharides and most of a cellâs complex polysaccharides are assembled in Golgi complex
	2.	Cis Golgi complex sorts proteins
	3.	Trans Golgi complex segregates proteins in different types of vesicles for dilevery.
	4.	N-linked oligosaccharides are further processed in Golgi complex

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BIO1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Endomembrane System

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