BIO1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Extracellular Matrix, Mitochondrion, Cytoskeleton
6 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture 7
Organelles
• Nucleus
o Contains DNA
o Nucleolus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes
o Nuclear pore complexes in envelope regulate entry and exit of material
o Holds all the information that the cell needs to program more cells
• Ribosomes
o Large and small subunit
o Found in cytoplasm
o Carry out protein synthesis
o Either free or membrane bound
• Endomembrane System
o Protein procession
o Metabolism
o Postal service
o Endoplasmic reticulum
▪ Biosynthetic factory of lipids
▪ Glycoproteins
▪ Smooth ER
• Lipid synthesis
• Metabolises carbohydrates
• Acts as storage space for calcium
o Calcium – secondary messenger
o Changes in calcium concentration in cell
• Makes phospholipids and steroid hormones
▪ Rough ER
• Presence of ribosomes
• Proteins passed into lumen
• Carbohydrates can be added – glycoprotein
• Makes phospholipids and proteins
o Protein Synthesis
▪ Ribosomes attached, signal recognition that binds to site on ribosome
▪ Ribosome will attach to receptor protein
▪ Signal peptide ensures that as the protein is synthesized through the membrane
and ends up within the lumen
▪ Lumin – sugars added → glycoproteins
o Golgi Apparatus
▪ Acts as delivery service
▪ Receives materials from endoplasmic reticulum
▪ Vesicles fuse at golgi to form new cisternae (interconnected sacs)
▪ Then vesicles bud off the gogli.
o Lysosomes
▪ Recycle – hydrolytic (digestive enzymes)
▪ Break down organic materials
▪ Designed to process materials from outside
• Phagocytosis, macrophages, autophagy
o Vacuoles
▪ Control of water content and contractile water expulsion
▪ Found in most plant cells and single-celled animals
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
