A. There are many autoimmune diseases wherein the immune systemattacks the body's own cells. These diseases seem to indicate aflaw in the immune system, and it seems odd that natural selectionhas not led to an immune system with a better concept of "self".Why have these autoimmune responses remained a part of the immunesystem? What are some situations where it would be advantageous forthe immune system to target the body's cells?
B. Vibrio cholerae is a bacterium that enters the body throughthe fecal-oral route and can lead to severe diarrhea, and in somecases, death. There are an estimated 3-5 million cases per year,with 100,000 deaths resulting from infection.
i. What is the main reason that our body may not wantto induce a potent immune attack of this type of pathogen?
ii. Although vaccines to cholera do exist, they are only about50% effective. Since the bacteria infect the gut, oral vaccinesroutes have been more effective than injected vaccines. What keydifference in our body
