BM1000 Lecture 33: 33

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16 Jul 2018

School

James Cook University

Department

Course

BM1000

Professor

Lionel Hebbard

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Document Summary

Compare and contrast activation of the different t cell subsets. There are two arms of the immune system: Lymphocytes must be activated by antigen stimulation or presentation by cells of the intimate response. This leads to clonal expansion of cells which are specific for the stimulating antigen. The lymphocytes becoming effector cells and carry out their respective functions. T cells can only recognise antigens when they are in some way associated with compatible mhc molecules on the surface of cells. e in molecules on the surface of cells. Antigens synthesised within a cell (endogenous) are presented t the surface of the cell by mhc class i antigens. This allows an "altered cell" to be recognised (cells infected with virus or cancer cells expressing tumour antigens). Mhc class ii antigens bind exogenous antigens derived from phagocytic vesicles. This process allows the immune system to recognise new antigens. are. Expressed on all nucleated cells and highly expresses in haematopioetic cells.

Related Questions

Immunology worksheet help?

In people infected with human cytomegalovirus, class I MHC andb2-microglobulin are produced, but very little mature class I MHCis found at the cell surface. Inhibition of which of the followingmolecules by human cytomegalovirus may account for thisphenomenon?

A.	TAP
B.	Ii
C.	TCR
D.	CLIP
E.	RAG

Your chances of having the same MHC haplotype as your siblingare:

A.	1:2.
B.	1:4.
C.	1:16.
D.	1:8.
E.	1:1.

Which of the following is the BEST example of self-MHCrestriction of T cells?

A.	A T-cell clone is deleted when it binds too tightly to selfMHC.
B.	A T-cell clone responds more vigorously to a self-peptide thana foreign peptide.
C.	A T-cell clone recognizes foreign MHC.
D.	A T-cell clone only recognizes foreign peptides when presentedby self MHC.
E.	All of the above

MHC molecules:

A.	are conserved between individuals.
B.	bind repeating patterns found on pathogens.
C.	are recognized by T cells.
D.	are membrane-bound molecules found exclusively on T cells.
E.	are secreted by T cells and bind and neutralize antigen in theserum.

Tasmanian devils are a largely inbred population with littlediversity in the MHC. Which of the following would be a likelyoutcome of this?

A.	They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with highdiversity in the TCR.
B.	They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with highdiversity in the BCR.
C.	They would rely only on innate immune responses.
D.	They would be at higher risk of infection.
E.	All of the above

How many different MHC classical class I proteins does eachnucleated cell in a human heterozygous at the MHC locusexpress?

A.	Six
B.	Two
C.	Three
D.	One
E.	None. Only APC express class I.

MHC polymorphisms tend to cluster:

A.	in the peptide-binding groove.
B.	in the transmembrane domain.
C.	in the coreceptor contact residues.
D.	in the framework region.
E.	All of the above

A mutation that renders the MHC class II molecule DMnonfunctional would likely lead to:

A.	cells with no class II MHC.
B.	a deficiency in CD8⁺ T cells.
C.	cells with class II MHC only bound with CLIP.
D.	cells with class II MHC bound with a variety ofself-antigens.
E.	cells with no DO.

The human MHC locus is one of the most polymorphic regions ofthe genome. What does this mean?

A.	This region is regulated by many different mechanisms.
B.	Sequence variability is low in this region.
C.	There are many introns in this region.
D.	There are many different alleles of these genes.
E.	It has the most different genes.

10.

Which of the following is an example ofcross-presentation?

A.	An exogenous peptide being presented on MHC class II
B.	A B-cell antigen being presented to a T cell
C.	An endogenous peptide being presented on MHC class I
D.	An endogenous peptide being presented on MHC class II
E.	An exogenous peptide being presented on MHC class I

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Q.1 (a) Production of which of the following types of proteinsduring an innate immune response would directly lead to the lysisof a microbe?

- Membrane Attack Complex

- Perforin

- Immunoglobulin

- Interferon

Q 1. (b) Swelling due to bulk flow from the plasma into theinterstital fluid is the result of decreased protein permeabilityin the capillaries. (True or False?)

Q.1 (c) Both inflammation and fever result in an increase in thetemperature set point of the body. (True or False?)

Q.1 (d) Indicate which of the following statements describeClass I MHC molecules, describe Class II MHC molecules or decribeboth Class I MHC & Class II MHC molecules?

-This molecule is expressed on all nucleated cells.

- This molecule interacts with proteins expressed on the surfaceof Cytotoxic T cells.

- This molecule is expressed on the surface of Antigenpresenting cells.

- This molecule is important for activating helper T cells.

- This molecule is expressed on the surface of B cells

- This molecule binds to antigens that come from primarilyintracellular pathogens.

Q.1 (e) What type of B cell does not secrete many antibodiesduring a primary immune response, but is very important for asecondary immune response?

Q.1 (f)If an individual failed to develop any maturelymphocytes, they would have lessened innate responses to infectionand lessened adaptive responses to infection. (True or False?)

Q.1 (g) Which of the following statements about the late stagesof HIV infection/AIDS are true? Choose all of the correctanswers.

		A person in the late stages of AIDS is more susceptible toinfection with bacteria, fungi and viruses than a person in theasymptomatic stage of HIV infection.
		The number of CD4-expressing T cells in the blood is high duringthe late stages of HIV infection
		The number of Killer T cells in the blood can be high during thelate stages of HIV infection.
		Innate immune responses may be weakened during the late stagesof HIV infection because of the weakened adaptive responses duringthese stages.

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How did inoculation with cowpox generate immunological memory and provide protection against smallpox? Did cross-reactivity play a role?

How did Pasteurâs work with attenuated (weakened) bacteria further our understanding of the role vaccination can play?

What are the three characteristics that define an adaptive immune response? Briefly define each of the characteristics.

Define primary versus secondary immune response.

Whatâs the difference between totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent and oligopotent when evaluating cell differentiation capacity?

What is hematopoiesis?

What cell types are derived from myeloid versus lymphoid progenitor cells? Describe the function of each WBC type.

What is clonal selection?

What role do antibodies play with regard to antigen recognition and immune defense that is different from what Tcrs provide?

As described in class generally understand the outcome of B cell, Th cell, and Tc cell activation. Understand that these cells can differentiate into effector (plasma cells, cytokine producing Th cells and CTLs) or memory cells.

Understand how granzymes and perforins play a role in apoptosis.

Which types of cells typically express MHC Class II? Do these cell types also express MHC Class I, and if so why?

With regard to Tc and Th cells, what kinds of peptide antigens (think about exogenously versus endogenously derived antigens) are recognized?

Be able to show cooperation between Tc, Th and B cell responses (refer to class notes).

What is the overall role of MHC Class I and II?

What is ADCC and what cell types are involved?

Understand and be able to provide examples highlighting the cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity. Note: ADCC and dendritic cell and macrophage interactions with Th cells illustrate examples of innate/adaptive cooperation.

What are the primary lymphoid organs? What role do they play?

What role does the lymphatic circulatory system play in immune defense?

Whatâs the difference between plasma, ISF, and lymph?

Whatâs the difference between afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels?

How is lymph ultimately delivered back to blood?

Define extravasation. Why is this important?

What are HEVs and what role do they play?

What are the secondary lymphoid tissues/organs?

What role do lymph nodes play?

What role does the spleen play?

What is Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency?

Whatâs MALT and its role?

What is the inflammatory response and what are characteristics associated with inflammation?

What role does histamine play in the inflammatory response?

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BM1000 Lecture 33: 33

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