PHTY102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Malnutrition, Biopsychosocial Model, Work Function
2. Classification of Disability
• Define disability
o "Disability is any condition of the body or mind (impairment) that makes it more
difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities (activity limitation)
and interact with the world around (participation restriction)" - CDC Centres for
Disease Control and Prevention
o Disability resulting "from interaction between persons with impairments and
attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinders their full and effective
participation in society on an equal basis with others" United Nations General
Assembly, 2007
• Identify different types of disability
o Physical
• Musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory, nervous system
• e.g. Acquired brain injury, Cerebral Palsy, Cystic Fibrosis
o Intellectual
• Difficulties with:
▪ Though processes
▪ Learning
▪ Communicating
▪ Remembering information and using it appropriately
▪ Making judgements and problem solving
▪ e.g. Down syndrome, Developmental delay
o Psychological
• A mental health impairment is where daily functioning is limited by a
psychological problem
• e.g. anxiety disorders, phobias, depression
o Sensory
• Can affect one or more senses
▪ Sight
▪ Hearing
▪ Smell
▪ Touch
▪ Taste
• e.g. Autism Spectrum Disorder, blindness and low vision, hearing loss
o Life course
• Present at birth
▪ Cerebral palsy
• Associated with developmental conditions
• Associated with an injury
▪ Quadriplegic or paraplegic
• Associated with a long standing condition
▪ Heart conditions
• Progressive/static/intermittent
▪ Progressive - dementia, MS
• Outline and describe a classification for disability
o International Classification for Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)
• Impairment - any loss of abnormality of psychological or anatomical structure
or function, e.g. muscle weakness, skeletal deformity
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Activity limitations - any restriction of lack of ability (resulting from
impairment) to perform an activity in the manner or within the range
considered normal for a human being
• Participation restrictions - any disadvantage for a given individual, resulting
from impairment or a disability that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role
that is normal for that 'individual'
• Environment and personal factors - work, transport, accommodation,
relationships
• Outline the demographics of disability in Australia
o Estimated that 190 million or 3.8% of the world's population have severe disability
o Number of people with disability is growing
• Ageing population
• Increase in chronic conditions
• Poverty
• War and violence
• Malnutrition
o Australia
• 18.3% or 4.3 million Australians reported having a disability in 2015
• Higher incidence of disability in indigenous compared with non-indigenous
population for all age groups
• Majority reported physical conditions (78.5%), 21.5% mental
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
