FIN 367 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Risk Arbitrage, Idiosyncrasy, Portfolio Investment

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6 Nov 2016

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Simple framework (cid:858)(cid:374)o(cid:449)(cid:859) a(cid:374)d (cid:858)futu(cid:396)e(cid:859) pe(cid:396)iods: finite number of states may occur in the future and finite number of assets available, assets are defined by payoffs. Portfolio construction: form a portfolio by buying wi shares of asset i, the po(cid:396)tfolio(cid:859)s pa(cid:455)offs (cid:894)p(cid:396)i(cid:272)e(cid:895) a(cid:396)e the su(cid:373) of i(cid:374)di(cid:448)idual pa(cid:455)offs (cid:894)p(cid:396)i(cid:272)e(cid:895) Arrow debreu model: under certain economic assumptions, there must be a set of prices where supplies = demands, to calculate prices of all states, we need as many assets as there are states of the world. If we do this, we can construct a-d securities for each state. Risk-free portfolio: portfolio that pays in ever state of the world, buy one of each a-d security to construct a rf portfolio. Rf price = sum of all prices. Rfinterest rate = 1/sum of all prices. State probabilities: pi(s) is the probability of state s. State prices do(cid:374)(cid:859)t ha(cid:448)e to (cid:271)e p(cid:396)opo(cid:396)tio(cid:374)al to p(cid:396)o(cid:271)a(cid:271)ilities.

Related Questions

Please answer all of the following questions

1) In a CAPM framework, prohibiting short sales:

a. will prohibit investors from holding the market portfolio in equilibrium.

b. will make the security market line steeper.

c. will encourage investors to hold more riskless assets.

d. will not change the equilibrium.

2) The beta of an efficient portfolio:

a. must be 1 since an efficient portfolio is perfectly positively correlated with the market portfolio.

b. is proportional to 1, depending on the proportion invested in the market portfolio.

c. is equivalent to the portfolio's standard deviation, since standard deviation is the measure of risk for an efficient portfolio.

d. is always less than 1.

3) Which of the following is not a general conclusion of studies of stock prices?

a. The serial correlation in daily returns in U.S. stocks is positive.

b. The serial correlation in longer period returns (monthly, annual) in U.S. stocks is negative.

c. Filter rules greater than 1% generally do not make money.

d. Stocks that have done well in the past are also likely to do well in the future.

e. There are more runs in daily stock prices than we would expect to find under a random walk.

4) In case of a simple CAPM being used to estimate a time series data:

a. the mean of a residual risk should be equal to zero.

b. the regression coefficient should be equal to zero.

c. the difference between the market return and the riskfree rate of return should be equal to zero.

d. the beta of the portfolio should be equal to zero.

5) The fact that superior returns can not be made by selling stocks that cut dividends is evidence of:

a. weak-form efficiency.

b. semi-strong-form efficiency.

c. strong-form efficiency

6) Which of the following is an implication of market efficiency?

a. Resources are allocated among firms that put them to the best use.

b. No investor will do better than the S&P 500 in any time period.

c. No investor will do better than the S&P 500 consistently after adjusting for risk.

d. No investor will do better than the S&P 500 consistently after adjusting for risk and transactions costs.

7) Which of the following is an attribute of futures contract?

a. There are no limits on the size of the position that any investor can take in financial futures markets.

b. Futures contracts are marked to the market on a daily basis

c. Margins for futures are more relative to other types of markets.

d. Almost all futures positions are settled by delivery.

Amongst corporations, sole proprietorships and partnerships, approximately what percentage of revenues are generated by corporations?

50%

42%

33%

82%

Question 2

What should be the financial goal of any firm?

attracting and acquiring capital and investing it

maximization of the ownersâ wealth

offering quality products at fair prices

quality customer service

Question 3
4 pts
Which of the following statement(s) is \ are true regarding the corporate management team?

In a corporation, ownership and direct control are typically separate.

Board of Directors is elected by shareholders and has ultimate decision-making authority

The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) â the Board typically delegates day-to-day decision making to the CEO.

All of the above

Question 4
4 pts
When calculating the present value of either a future single sum or a future annuity, it involves a process called discounting. The applicable interest rate to perform the discounting function is usually called the

yield to maturity

compound interest rate

discount rate

none of the above

Question 5
4 pts
_________________ are used to present additional information about items included in the financial statements and to present additional financial information.

stock certificates

Notes to financial statements

Preferred stocks

Convertible securities
Question 6
4 pts
What should be the financial goal of any firm?

maximization of the ownersâ wealth

attracting and acquiring capital and investing it

offering quality products at fair prices

quality customer service

Question 7
4 pts
A competitive market is one in which a _____ numbers of producers compete with each other to satisfy the wants and needs of a _____ number of consumers.

Large, small

Small, small

Large, large

Small, large

Question 8
4 pts
The Valuation Principle is an analysis between the value of the ______ of a financial alternative and the value of its ______.

revenues, income

benefits, costs

expenses, costs

Question 9
4 pts
The Net Present Value rule implies that we should compare a projectâs net present value (NPV) to___________. (zero \ future value \ the past).

Zero

Future Value

The Past

An Estimate

Question 10
4 pts
The internal rate of return (IRR) rule will _______ agree with the Net Present Value rule on a given investment project.

always

never

sometimes

none of the above

Question 11
5 pts
The law of one price exists due to arbitrage opportunities. If the price of a security, commodity or asset is different in two different markets, then an arbitrageur will ______ the asset in the more expensive market and ________ it where prices are lower.

sell, purchase

purchase, sell

purchase, purchase

sell, sell

Question 12
5 pts
Approaching every problem using a timeline is a(n) ________ idea because timelines identify events in a transaction or investment which might otherwise be easily overlooked.

good

bad

indifferent

unrealistic

Question 13
5 pts
The present value (PV) of a stream of cash flows is the _______ the present values of each individual cash flow

difference between

product of

sum of

same as

Question 14
5 pts
As the number of periods increases, present value (increases\decreases\stays the same).

increases

decreases

stays the same

is unrelated

Question 15
5 pts
When a constant cash flow will occur at regular intervals for a finite number of periods of time, it is called a(n) __________.

annuity

perpetuity

interest payment

principle payment

Question 16
5 pts
When a constant cash flow will occur at regular intervals forever, it is called a(n) ___________.

annuity

perpetuity

interest payment

principle payment

Question 17
5 pts
The NPV measures the ______ change in shareholder wealth that arises from undertaking a project.

consistent

dollar

annual

semi-annual

Question 18
5 pts
When calculating the present value of either a future single sum or a future annuity, the applicable interest rate is usually called the _______ rate

compounding

inverted

market

discount

Question 19
5 pts
To endow a perpetuity is the same as calculating the present value (PV) of a perpetuity. Say you want to endow an annual graduation party at your alma mater. You want the event to be a memorable one, so you budget $30,000 per year forever for the party. If the university earns 8% per year on its investments, and if the first party is in one yearâs time, how much will you need to donate to endow the party?
The formula for PV of a perpetuity = C\r; = $30,000 \ 0.08; =

$3,750

$37,500

$375,000

$3,750,000

Question 20
5 pts
With an Ordinary Annuity, payments are required at the ________ of each period. An example of this is bonds which usually pay coupon payments at the end of every six months until the bond's maturity date.

beginning

middle

end

payments are not required

Question 21
5 pts
Sales of securities that the seller does not own is called a:

stop-loss order

short sale

limit order

maintenance margin

Question 22
5 pts
What is the name of the market where money market securities, bonds, and mortgages are originated and traded?

debt securities market

foreign exchange market

derivative securities market

equity securities market

Question 23
5 pts
If an investor feels the price of a stock will decline in the future, which trade should the investor undertake?

market order

buy on margin

limit order

short sale

Question 24
5 pts
For risk averse investors, how much return is expected for taking on more risk?

lower

equal

zero

higher

Question 25
5 pts
A ___________________ is a highly regulated document which details the issuers operations and finances and must be provided to each buyer of a newly issued security.

Prospectus

An underwriting agreement

A best efforts agreement

none of the above

Question 26
5 pts
Which of the following statements about liquidity ratios is true?

The lower the quick ratio relative to the current ratio, the safer a firm is in terms of liquidity.

The higher the current ratio, the more likely a firm is able to pay its short-term obligations.

The quick ratio is always between 0 and 1.

All the above statements are true.

Question 27
5 pts
The ability of a firm to meet its short-term debt obligations as they come due is indicated by which of the following ratios:

liquidity ratios

asset utilization ratios

financial leverage ratios

profitability ratios

Question 28
5 pts
Which one of the following financial statements reports a firmâs assets and the claims on assets?

balance sheet

income statement

statement of changes in financial position

cash flow statement

Question 29
5 pts
The extent to which assets are used to support sales is indicated by which of the following ratios:

liquidity ratios

asset utilization ratios

financial leverage ratios

profitability ratios

Question 30
5 pts
The extent to which assets are financed by borrowed funds and other liabilities is indicated by:

liquidity ratios

asset utilization ratios

financial leverage ratios

profitability ratios

Question 31
5 pts
The basic price that equates the demand for and supply of loanable funds in the financial markets is the __________:

interest rate

yield curve

term structure

cash price

none of the above

Question 32
5 pts
Federal obligations usually issued for maturities of two to ten years are called:

Treasury bonds

Treasury notes

Treasury bills

Agency issues

Question 33
5 pts
An increase in the demand for loan-able funds, holding supply constant, will cause interest rates to:

increase

decrease

stay the same

none of the above

Question 34
5 pts
As interest rates rise, the prices of existing bonds will:

rise

stay the same

fall

either a or b

Question 35
5 pts
In an inflationary period, interest rates have a tendency to:

rise

fall

stay the same

act erratically

salmonhound248

Question 1

In a world with no frictions (taxes, etc.), value is created by how you finance a project.

Your Answer

False. True.

Question 2

(5 points) The return on equity is equal to the return on assets of a project/firm.

Your Answer

Never true.

Always true.

Sometimes true.

Question 3

Suppose the expected returns on equity of two firms, Macrosoft and Microsoft, that operate in the same industry are 10.50% and 12.60%, respectively. What is the return on assets in this business if Macrosoft has no debt? (Enter the answer with no more nor less than two decimal places, and leave off the % sign. For example, if your answer is 13.97% you should enter it as 13.97 NOT 0.14 nor 14)

Answer: _____________________

Question 4

Suppose CAPM holds, and the beta of the equity of your company is 2.00. The expected market risk premium (the difference between the expected market return and the risk-free rate) is 4.5% and the risk-free rate is 3.00%. Suppose the debt-to-equity ratio of your company is 20% and the market believes that the beta of your debt is 0.20. What is return on assets of your business? (Enter the answer with no more nor less than two decimal places, and leave off the % sign. For example, if your answer is 13.97% you should enter it as 13.97 NOT 0.14 nor 14)

Answer: _____________________

Question 5

You are planning on opening a restaurant chain. You have projected yearly cash flows of $10 million starting next year (t = 1) with a growth rate of 1% over the foreseeable future thereafter. This endeavor will require a substantial investment and you will have to convince investors to provide you the capital to do so. You will invest some of your own money, convincing other investors will of course be useful for your valuing your own investment decision. A critical piece of your analysis is figuring out the present value of the cash flows of the business. Your research has revealed the following information: similar restaurant businesses equity has an average beta of 1.20 and the average debt-to-value ratio in this industry is 25%. The risk-free rate is 3.25% and the expected market risk premium (the average difference between between the market return and the risk-free rate) is 4.50%. What is the value of the cash flows of your business?

Your Answer Score Explanation

Do not have enough information to calculate.

158730159.

130718954.

Question 6

You have just returned to your job after completing your MBA, generously funded by the CEO. A few days later, your CEO requests you to evaluate the following news release he will issue to analysts. "For years we have thought about our business strategy, without worrying about financing. Times have changed and we need to think about our cost of capital. Since (a) debt is always cheaper than equity; (b) we have decided to use debt to finance our next major projects." What is your assessment of this statement?

Your Answer

The statement is false.

The statement is true.

The statement is partly true/false.

Question 7

Two firms, Alpha, Inc., and Beta, Inc., are in the same business. Alpha, Inc., has debt that is viewed by the market as risk-less with a market value of $500 million. Beta, Inc., has no debt. Both firms are expected to generate cash flows of $100 million per year for the foreseeable future and the market value of the equity of Beta, Inc is $1 billion. Estimate the return on equity of Alpha, Inc. Assume there are no taxes, and the risk-free rate is 5%. (Enter the answer with no more nor less than two decimal places, and leave off the % sign. For example, if your answer is 13.97% you should enter it as 13.97 NOT 0.14 nor 14)

Answer: _____________________

Question 8

Mango, Inc. has had debt with market value of $1 million that has paid a 6% coupon and has had an expiration date that is far, far away. The expected annual earnings before interest and taxes for the firm are $2 million and the firm has not grown, nor does it have plans for any growth. The firm however has just raised more equity to retire all its debt. If the required rate of return to equity-holders (after the capital structure change) is now 20%, what is the market value of the firm? Assume there are no taxes. (Enter just the number without the $ sign or a comma; round to the nearest whole dollar.)

Answer: _____________________

Question 9

Suppose all investors are risk-averse and hold diversified portfolios. You are evaluating a new energy company that is going to use wind and will have two divisions: an electricity production unit and a Sales unit. [Transportation of the electricity will be outsourced.] Your CEO and you are arguing about whether projects that emerge in the two units should have the same cost of capital (WACC), or whether the discount rates should be different. If different, what should be the relative magnitudes of the discount rates, that is, which unit Production or Sales should have the higher discount rate. Assume the discount rates of the two units are labeled as P and S, for the production and Sales units, respectively. What do you think?

Your Answer

S>P.

P>S.

Same discount rates for both divisions/units (P=S).

Question 10

NorthSouth Airlines has been granted permission to fly passengers between major U.S. cities. The new company faces competition from four airlines that operate between the major cities. The betas of the equity of the four major competitors (A, B, C, D) are 2.25, 2.50, 2.75, and 3.00; and the debt-to-equity ratios of these four companies (in the same order: A, B, C, D) are 0.21, 0.42, 0.63, 0.83. Although these D/E ratios vary, all airline debt is rated the same. Suppose the yield on airline debt is 7%, the risk-free rate is 3% and the expected market risk premium (the average difference between the market return and the risk-free rate) is 5%. What is the cost of capital (or discount rate) that you should use in valuing NorthSouth Airlines? (Enter the answer with no more nor less than two decimal places, and leave off the % sign. For example, if your answer is 13.97% you should enter it as 13.97 NOT 0.14 nor 14)

Answer: _____________________

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FIN 367 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Risk Arbitrage, Idiosyncrasy, Portfolio Investment

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