BIO 303 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Human Genome Project, Sister Chromatids, Translational Medicine

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byzantiumtoad203

5 Apr 2019

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Important practice questions multiple choice questions will be asked on any topic covered in class including lectures 1-9. Remember this is a guide /practice exercise and is only intended to serve as a compilation of major concepts we went over in class. You should read the lecture slides and book first, use this as a checklist to ensure that you have not missed anything. Although i have worked to include the essence and expected learning outcome of each lecture it is absolutely possible that i may have missed to include something that i had mentioned in class or slides. Feel free to check with me if you have any questions. Important tip: solve problems at the end of each chapter in book and practice the problems that i had posted in mastering genetics. Can pharmaceutical companies use the mechanism to design a drug for lowering cholesterol? (hint: psck9 binds to ldl receptors)

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1.1 Maria is a genetic counselor and has a son who looks very much like her. Total strangers often say âHe is your little cloneâhe looks just like you!â Sheâs tempted to retort, âNo heâs not! You obviously donât know anything about genetics!â but instead just says âThank you.â

a. Based on what you know about genetics explain why Mariaâs son could not be her clone.

b. Would it be legal to for Maria to make a clone of herself? Should it be? Explain your answer in 1-2 sentences.

1.2 When I was an undergraduate, a friend of mine who knew I was working on genetics offered to pay me a tidy sum to clone his dog Mitzi, who he loved dearly, so that he would never have to be without her. Although I could have used the money, I declined.

a. If I had cloned Mitzi, would Mitziâs clone have been identical to Mitzi in appearance and behavior?

b. If she would not have been identical, explain why not in terms of genetics and gene expression.

1.3 (2 pts) List an example of a clone that is found in nature (rather than made in agricultural practice or the lab) in each of the following categories and escribe the characteristic(s) that qualify it to be considered a clone, in 1-2 sentences.

a. Single-celled organism

b. Plant

c. Animal

1.4 Plants have been genetically modified for many different reasons, which can be loosely grouped into two categories:

To increase yield. Examples include pesticide resistance, longer shelf-life modification and drought resistance.

To directly improve human health. Examples include: increasing the nutritional value of crops, removing allergenic substances, and using crops to produce vaccines.

Find one example of a crop in each category, then answer the following questions for each. Do not use examples we will discuss in class, which are BT, Round-up ready crops and Golden Rice, or other crops modified to make beta carotene.

a.GMO plants to increase yield (3 pts)

i.Name the GMO (e.g corn) and the gene or genes that were added or changed.

ii.What benefit(s) does the gene/s confer to the crop?

iii.Is this product in commercial use today?

iv.What are the regulations on the use of this product? Does it need to be labeled? Do farmers have to have a special permit to grow it?

v.What is one concern regarding the use of this crop?

b.GMO plants to benefit human health (3 pts)

i.Name the GMO (e.g corn) and the gene or genes that were added or changed.

ii.What benefit(s) does the gene/s confer to humans?

iii.Is this product in commercial use today?

iv.What are the regulations on the use of this product? Does it need to be labeled? Do farmers have to have a special permit to grow it?

v. What is one concern regarding the use of this crop?

plumalpaca673

CASE STUDY: Miss B is a 20 year old Caucasian female of Irish heritage who was arrested for walking along the roadway on her college campus shouting obscenities at oncoming traffic. She is agitated states"leave me alone. I am in perfect health and know my own mind." Her mother and boyfriend arrive and state that she has been taking lithium carbonate 600mg t.i.d. for Bipolar Disorder II for the past 5 years, with good results until several weeks ago. Her boyfriend states that she has been 'up all night' for the past few days and has a "harebrained scheme to become a Rhodes Scholar". Miss B's mother states that she suffers from chronic depression and that she is worried since Miss B is pregnant. She says, "I have bad genes, but is there anything that we can do to keep my grandchild from having a mental disorder?" Case Study Guidelines: You will be divided into groups of 3 to 6 (based on enrollment). Each group will respond to the questions in the case study. Each group will place their report in the drop box by the due date listed by the week. Absence from the group presentation will result in the deduction points for the individual. Case Study Guidelines: Each will respond to the questions in the case study. Diagnosis: What test should be done? Who should be tested? What are the implications of the results? What do you think the results will be and why? In addition include a pedigree 1. Identify additional information/history that should be elicited in relation to this case. 2. Identify the pattern of inheritance for the disease/condition, and discuss the reason for your answer. 3. Identify family members that may be at risk for this disease, explain your answers. 4. Discuss any other alternative explanations for the disease/condition pattern noted in the Pedigree. Please refer to the book: Genetics and Genomics in Nursing and Health Care(2012)

In order to understand how cells function, we often have to use analogies to everyday items or processes to explain the jobs of the various organelles. In this assignment, we're asking you to determine which everyday items that you can find around the house (from your kitchen/desk drawers, backpack, a recycling bin, food, etc.) to represent the organelles inside a cell, and to assemble those items into a 3-dimensional representation of a eukaryotic (plant or animal) cell. Think about how the items you're using can best represent the various parts of the cells and their functions. For example, what does the mitochondria do? What household item do you have that is analogous, or could represent that function?

Note that the items that you find may or may not visually resemble their cellular counterparts. It's fine if they don't - weâre looking for you to demonstrate to us that you know what the various organelles do, and that you can think creatively about what objects fill that role in your house or in your life. Therefore, your finished "model" may not look much (or at all) like the diagram of a cell from your textbook! However, if the spatial organization of organelles is important (e.g. if one type of organelle is always located next to another), we do expect to see that reflected in your model.

Your model will need to include:

A picture (or pictures) of your model. The picture(s) must contain your name written on a piece of paper next to your model. If you'd like, include a picture of yourself with your model. (A cell-fie!)

Proper identification of the cell (is it a plant or animal cell)?

For each organelle/structure:

Correct labeling/identification of the structure in your image/video

A description of the organelle's function, which should be in YOUR OWN WORDS, not copied from the book, lectures, or other sites.

A justification for why the object that you chose to represent each organelle is a good analogy for that organelle's function.

Attention to quality and creativity â which will weigh into the overall evaluation.

You can do this in a text document, a powerpoint presentation, or a short video in which you verbally explain your model (be sure to include your name in the video!). Note that you will NOT receive credit for a drawing of a cell or a collage or collection of images found online. Any images you submit must be completely original and made by you. Your name should be in any document and/or picture you submit. Submissions without names will receive reduced credit.

This is NOT intended to be a burdensome exercise, nor should you need to purchase any materials to complete this assignment - I would like for it to be a fun way for you to practice working with the different types of organelles and their structures and functions, and to think creatively about the materials you have on hand.

greenwallaby197

BIO 303 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Human Genome Project, Sister Chromatids, Translational Medicine

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