[CHEM 113] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes fot the exam (34 pages long!)

Stadent An Introduction to the Chemical Basis of Life Thiere ave ninety-two naturally occurring elements in the universe. An element is a substance that canniot he separated into simpler substances by purely chemical means The smallest indivisible unit of an element is the atom is composed of three fundamental particles, protons s and electrons Protons are positively charged particles and along with neutrons, which not have any electrical change and are therefore n neutron cutral. are found in the nucleus of the atom Electrons are negatively charged particles that occupy specific orbits around the nucleus t with cach to form discrete units called molecules The atoms of a molecule can te kind or different kinds; that is, they can be the same or different clements be the sa Molecules containing atoms of two or more known as compounds different elements in specific proportions are Objective: Review and practice chemical concepts introduced in your lecture Using your lecture notes, textbook and the periodic table provided 1. Worksheet: identify in one or two sentences the following concepts related to the periodic table: Family or Group · Period Mctal Transition Element Non-metal . Inert gases Valencoe Electronegativity

CHEM 151 Fall 2016 Final Exam Review Chapter 8, Chapter 9.1 1. Explain why, RNA, and not DNA, is hydrolyzed under basic pH conditions. Draw a mechanism to explain your reasoning. 2. A strand of DNA has the following sequence: S TCGTTTACGATCCCCATTTCGTACTCGA 3 a) What is the sequence of its complementary strand? b) What is the base sequence of mRNA transcribed from the first strand? 3. Hand-draw out the DNA sequence AGTC and its complement including sugars and phosphate backbone. Show the hydrogen-bonding between the base pairs and label the directionality of each strand 4. Give the restriction fragments obtained following digestion of the following nucleic acid with the enzyme EcoRI SATGCTCGATCGATCGAATTCTATAGCCCGGGGCTGGATCCAGGTACCAAGTTAAGCTTG TACGAGCTAGCTAGCTTAAGATATCGGGCCCCGACCTAGGTCCATGGTTCAATTCGAACS 5. Give the restriction fragments obtained following digestion of the following nucleic acid with the enzyme BamHI S'ATGCTCGATCGATCGAATTCTATAGCCCGGGGCTGGATCCAGGTACCAAGTTAAGCTTG3" 3 TACGAGCTAGCTAGCTTAAGATATCGGGCCCCGACCTAGGTCCATGGTTCAATTCGAACS 6. Give the restriction fragments obtained following digestion of the following nucleic acid with the enzyme Kpnl and Hind III S'ATGCTCGATCGATCGAATTCTATAGCCCGGGGCTGGATCCAGGTACCAAGTTAAGCTTG3 3 TACGAGCTAGCTAGCTTAAGATATCGGGCCCCGACCTAGGTCCATGGTTCAATTCGAACS 7. Describe why a double-stranded DNA with a high G-C content has a higher Tm than a double-stranded DNA with a high A-T content. 8. A Sanger dideoxy sequence analysis was performed on wild type and a mutant gene. The sequencing gels are represented below. From these results

For the working portion of your lab final exam you will design an experiment to answer the following question. When heated sodium bicarbonate will decompose. The three possible paths for decomposition are given below. You will design an experiment to determine which of the following paths the decomposition proceeds by. You will be given 2.0 g of sodium bicarbonate and decompose it. You will need to have the method for the experiment outlined when you come to the lab sodium bicarbonate (s) → sodium hydroxide (s) + carbon dioxide (g) sodium bicarbonate (s)-, sodium oxide (s) + carbon dioxide (g) + water (g) sodium bicarbonate (s) → sodium carbonate (s) + carbon dioxide (g) + water (g) In your lab that day you will turn in your preliminary work on the experiment and the data and conclusions, including the problem setup