Biology 2581B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Okazaki Fragments, Helicase, Dna Ligase

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Dna exists as a double helix made of two antiparallel, complementary polynucleotide chains. Nucleotides in the same strand are joined by phosphate bonds, creating the sugar phosphate backbone. The four bases in dna are adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine. They pair in a specific way via hydrogen bonding, and can only pair in this way due to the antiparallel orientation of the dna strands. Adenine pairs with thymine and 2 hydrogen bonds form between them. Guanine pairs with cytosine and 3 hydrogen bonds form between them. This means that every double helix is made of one strand of its parental helix and one newly synthesised strand. It then polymerises them, adding them to the growing dna strand by breaking one of the nucleotide"s phosphate bonds to provide the energy required a. Instead, lots of rna primers are required which are then extended by dna polymerase, producing okazaki fragments.

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