PHIL 201 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc, Ad Hominem, Logical Reasoning
15 Jan 2019
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Section 2: identify what type of ampliative argument each of the following is: argument by analogy, abductive reasoning, inductive argument, abductive reasoning. Section 3: short answer questions: what makes an ampliative argument defeasible is the fact that the argument can always, in principle, go from cogent to uncogent by discovering new information. 2) deductive arguments don"t get more or less valid by degrees, but ampliative arguments can be more or less cogent by degrees: an efficient cause is an event which precedes and brings about an outcome. An efficient cause is proximate if occurs right before the outcome to most directly bring it about. An efficient cause is remote if it is further back in time, and brings about other intermediate events before bringing about the final outcome. Structuring causes are factors that enables a chain of efficient events to occur at all: states of information lend support to claims by degrees.
