PHIL 210 Study Guide - Final Guide: Correlation Does Not Imply Causation, Modus Tollens, Modus Ponens
24 Jul 2016
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Document Summary
Summary of arguments, fallacies and biases that i put together in order to keep them all straight since in the book and lectures there was no system. Arguments: deductive arguments: true premises guarantee true conclusion, modus ponens (affirm by affirming): if p then q. p therefore q, modus tollens (deny by denying): if p then q. Inductive reasoning: drawing conclusions on unobserved cases from premises about observed cases (more of the same). Cogent but not valid : abductive: best explanation (fits all evidence + simple) challenged by better counter argument or new evidence which does not fit) Fallacies: logical fallacies, conditional fallacies, denying the antecedent: if p then q. Typically makes use of syntactic ambiguity: equivocation: arguing by switching between meanings. Inattentional blindness: we aren"t looking for something so we don"t see it: cognitive biases, repetition effect, confirmation biases, situational / structural: accessibility to information, attentional: noticing evidence.
