BIO200H5 Study Guide - Final Guide: Propafenone, Diazepam, Paracetamol
Document Summary
Goodman and gilman : the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, cps: compendium of pharmaceuticals and specialties. Part ii: where do drugs come from: natural sources, plants: alkaloids and nonalkaloids, animals: venoms and hormones, minerals, micro-organisms, chemical synthesis. Resperine: drug classification according to source, galencials: opium, pure extract: morphine. India: semi-synthetic: heroin (morphine with acetyl groups, pure synthetic: meperidine. Does not cause pinpoint pupils like other opioids. Drug development: drug synthesis, purification from natural sources, modification of existing chemical structures. Find receptor and use computer to create molecule that fits it: animal pharmacology (3-4 years, pharmaceutical development: is it effective, acute, sub-acute & chronic toxicity. Test 3 species: rats, mice, beagle dogs: human pharmacology (phase i, <100 people, healthy humans. Initial clinical trials (phase ii: ~300 people, doctor and patient work together, comparative clinical trials (phase iii, ~3000 patients, double-blind study, controlled marketing (phase iv, ~100 000 people, where rare side effects show up, unrestricted marketing.
