BIO 1540 Study Guide - Final Guide: Intermembrane Space, Glycolysis, Cytosine
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20 Feb 2015
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Bio1140 - cell biology - lecture notes - shivan desai. Biosynthesis is synthesizing molecules . (synthesis of glycogen for example is energy consuming process because of chemical changes: mechanical work e. g. movement in cell, cell movement, most cells capable of movement (mechanical work). Even nonmobile cells have movement inside them and requires energy[movement in the cell or of the whole cell is mechanical work and requires energy]. Ultimate source of energy for work is sunlight. (initial energy comes from sunlight which is captured by plants using chlorophyll and then transformed into chemical energy) Light energy is used to reduce inorganic carbon into organic carbon. Reduction of nad+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle. Reduction of nad+ and fad (flavin adenine dinucleotide: oxidative phosphorylation. Electron transport drives atp production by chemiosmosis: glucose catabolized to pyruvate yielding atp and nadh, 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Pyruvate formation with atp generation: fate of pyruvate depends on o2 availability.
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