BIOL130 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Aminoacyl-Trna, Signal Recognition Particle, Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Part A
The ultimate problem with cholera that can lead to death is __________.
The ultimate problem with cholera that can lead to death is __________.
only water loss |
fluid loss with electrolyte concentrations remaining normal |
severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance |
only electrolyte loss |
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Part B
The loss of chloride ions is occurring as a result of an continuously open __________, found in certain intestinal epithelial cells.
The loss of chloride ions is occurring as a result of an continuously open __________, found in certain intestinal epithelial cells.
chloride channel protein |
sodium pump |
ATP dependent sodium/potassium pump |
potassium pump |
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Part C
The main purpose of the chloride channel proteins on the apical surface of the intestinal epithelial cells is to create an osmotic gradient that ultimately causes __________ to move through the intestinal epithelium and into the intestinal lumen to assist in the formation of mucus. These are the same chloride channel proteins, adversely affected in cystic fibrosis.
The main purpose of the chloride channel proteins on the apical surface of the intestinal epithelial cells is to create an osmotic gradient that ultimately causes __________ to move through the intestinal epithelium and into the intestinal lumen to assist in the formation of mucus. These are the same chloride channel proteins, adversely affected in cystic fibrosis.
potassium |
calcium |
water |
sodium |
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Part D
The main physiologic mechanism used to control the opening of the chloride channel protein is through the use of __________.
The main physiologic mechanism used to control the opening of the chloride channel protein is through the use of __________.
G proteinâlinked receptors |
potassium pump |
enzyme-linked receptors |
sodium pump |
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Part E
The main factor that causes cholera is the overstimulation of __________ by the __________.
The main factor that causes cholera is the overstimulation of __________ by the __________.
guanylate cyclase; the bacterium Vibrio cholerae |
adenylate cyclase; the bacterium Vibrio cholerae |
guanylate cyclase; cholera toxin |
adenylate cyclase; cholera toxin |
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Part F
The normal physiologic mechanism used by G proteinâlinked receptors is for a ligand to bind to the G proteinâlinked receptor; this in turn activates __________ located in the intracellular side of the plasma membrane, which eventually leads to the physiologic effector action.
The normal physiologic mechanism used by G proteinâlinked receptors is for a ligand to bind to the G proteinâlinked receptor; this in turn activates __________ located in the intracellular side of the plasma membrane, which eventually leads to the physiologic effector action.
diacylglycerol |
inositol triphosphate |
G protein |
cyclic AMP |
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Part G
Cholera toxin bypasses the normal sequential cascade of events involving G protein activation. The __________subunit of cholera toxin enters into the cell and directly activates __________. This leads to a non-physiologic (non-homeostatic) action of inappropriately maintaining the chloride channel proteins open. This causes excessive __________, sodium, and water to leave the intestinal epithelial cells.
Cholera toxin bypasses the normal sequential cascade of events involving G protein activation. The __________subunit of cholera toxin enters into the cell and directly activates __________. This leads to a non-physiologic (non-homeostatic) action of inappropriately maintaining the chloride channel proteins open. This causes excessive __________, sodium, and water to leave the intestinal epithelial cells.
A; G protein; chloride |
B; G protein; chloride |
B; inositol triphosphate; calcium |
A; diacylglycerol; chloride |
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Part H
A defect in the chloride channel protein, causing it to not open, will _________ the chloride, sodium, and water loss in cholera. However, it will also cause the individual to have __________ mucus.
A defect in the chloride channel protein, causing it to not open, will _________ the chloride, sodium, and water loss in cholera. However, it will also cause the individual to have __________ mucus.
allow; thick |
allow; thin |
prevent, thin |
prevent; thick |
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Part I
A drug that prevents the cholera toxin from attaching to the __________ in the intestinal epithelial cell could be a useful treatment.
A drug that prevents the cholera toxin from attaching to the __________ in the intestinal epithelial cell could be a useful treatment.
ganglioside |
protein |
phospholipid |
AMP |
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Part J
The best method to reduce the spread of cholera is to __________.
The best method to reduce the spread of cholera is to __________.
never travel to underdeveloped countries |
provide properly treated water supplies |
give everyone antibiotics |
give everyone antacids |
I have this questions for my homework i need help with them look please it is important i need help so please give me the correct answers for each question and also please be clear to understand and aslo be correct it is very important becuase i need them so i really need the right answers. please help me and be correct and clear it is important ok
Question 5
At a constant temperature, if you increase the number of unsaturated fatty acid chains in the phospholipid, the membrane will become......
less fluid |
more fluid |
fluidity will be unchanged |
Question 6
Bacteria in a hot spring at 80 degrees celsius would be expected to have ______________ in their cell membrane
high proportions of saturated phospholipids |
high proportions of unsaturated phospholipids |
an equal ratio of saturated to unsaturated phospholipid |
Question 7
Membrane proteins have an important role in membrane fluidity
True |
False |
Question 8
The HIV virus can't attach to cells that have a mutation in the CCR5 gene and so such individuals are resistant to HIV. What population of people have a higher incidence of the mutant CCR5 gene and why?
europeans because their ancestors survived the bubonic plague |
North Americans because their ancestors survived small pox |
europeans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV |
Africans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV |
Question 9
Nematode trapping fungi have ______________ molecules called ______________ that recognize specific carbohydrates on the surface of the nematode worms. This is how a fungus can recognize that its prey, the nematode worm, has wriggled into the loop. Write two words on lowercase separated by a space with no other syntax
Question 10
Diffusion requires energy
True |
False |
Question 11
The net direction of molecule movement when molecules diffuse is
down their concentration gradient |
random directions |
Question 12
In osmosis, water molecules from a solution of higher solute concentration cross a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?
True |
False |
Question 13
Which best defines osmosis?
In osmosis, water from a solution of lower solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration? |
In osmosis, water from a solution of higher solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration? |
Question 14
Animal cells placed into a hypotonic solution would most likely?
lyse (burst) |
shrink |
remain unchanged in size |
Question 15
Glucose and amino acids move into cells via carrier proteins, the same protein can move glucose or amino acids
True |
False |
Question 16
ATP powered pumps move substances into and out of cells by diffusion?
True |
False |
Question 17
For every 3 Na ions moved out, 2 K ions are moved into a cell by one cycle of the sodium-potassium pump.
True |
False |
Question 18
Bulk transport of fluid and any of the substances within that fluid is called
pinocytosis |
phagocytosis |
receptor-mediated endocytosis |
exocytosis |
I have this questions for my homework i need help with them look please it is important i need help so please give me the correct answers for each question and also please be clear to understand and aslo be correct it is very important becuase i need them so i really need the right answers. please help me and on Questions 6 and 9 please help me with it hope you can help me with the correct answers please
Question 5
At a constant temperature, if you increase the number of unsaturated fatty acid chains in the phospholipid, the membrane will become......
less fluid |
more fluid |
fluidity will be unchanged |
Question 6
Bacteria in a hot spring at 80 degrees celsius would be expected to have ______________ in their cell membrane
high proportions of saturated phospholipids |
high proportions of unsaturated phospholipids |
an equal ratio of saturated to unsaturated phospholipid |
Question 7
Membrane proteins have an important role in membrane fluidity
True |
False |
Question 8
The HIV virus can't attach to cells that have a mutation in the CCR5 gene and so such individuals are resistant to HIV. What population of people have a higher incidence of the mutant CCR5 gene and why?
europeans because their ancestors survived the bubonic plague |
North Americans because their ancestors survived small pox |
europeans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV |
Africans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV |
Question 9
Nematode trapping fungi have ______________ molecules called ______________ that recognize specific carbohydrates on the surface of the nematode worms. This is how a fungus can recognize that its prey, the nematode worm, has wriggled into the loop. Write two words on lowercase separated by a space with no other syntax
Question 10
Diffusion requires energy
True |
False |
Question 11
The net direction of molecule movement when molecules diffuse is
down their concentration gradient |
random directions |
Question 12
In osmosis, water molecules from a solution of higher solute concentration cross a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?
True |
False |
Question 13
Which best defines osmosis?
In osmosis, water from a solution of lower solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration? |
In osmosis, water from a solution of higher solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration? |
Question 14
Animal cells placed into a hypotonic solution would most likely?
lyse (burst) |
shrink |
remain unchanged in size |
Question 15
Glucose and amino acids move into cells via carrier proteins, the same protein can move glucose or amino acids
True |
False |
Question 16
ATP powered pumps move substances into and out of cells by diffusion?
True |
False |
Question 17
For every 3 Na ions moved out, 2 K ions are moved into a cell by one cycle of the sodium-potassium pump.
True |
False |
Question 18
Bulk transport of fluid and any of the substances within that fluid is called
pinocytosis |
phagocytosis |
receptor-mediated endocytosis |
exocytosis |