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Metabolic alkalosis is a condition in which the blood pH is higher than its normal value of 7.40 and can be caused, among other reasons, by an increase in [HCO3-]. If a patient has a following blood values, pH= 7.45, [CO2]=1.25 mM, What is the [HCO3-]? The pk1 for the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system is 6.1. How does the calculated Value of bicarbonate compare with the normal value?
- Metabolic alkalosis is a condition in which the blood pH is higher than its normal value of 7.40 and can be caused, among other reasons, by an increase in [HCO3-]. If a patient has a following blood values, pH= 7.45, [CO2]=1.25 mM, What is the [HCO3-]? The pk1 for the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system is 6.1. How does the calculated Value of bicarbonate compare with the normal value?
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3. Ms. X is a 35 year old school teacher who suffers from acid indigestion and self-medicates by drinking baking soda dissolved in water.
Which acid-base disorder would you expect to develop in this client?
A. Respiratory Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Metabolic Acidosis
4. Ms. X is a 35 year old school teacher who suffers from acid indigestion and self-medicates by drinking baking soda dissolved in water.
What effect does metabolic acidosis have on respiratory rate?
| a. | decrease | |
| b. | increase | |
| c. | both increase and decrease | |
| d. | none of the above |
5. When comparing systemic capillaries to pulmonary capillaries, which of the following statements is true?
| a. | The hydrostatic pressure at the arteriolar end of the systemic capillary is higher that the hydrostatic pressure at the arteriolar end of the pulmonary capillaries. | |
| b. | The hydrostatic pressure at the VENULAR end of the systemic capillary is LOWER than the hydrostatic pressure at the VENULAR end of the pulmonary capillaries. | |
| c. | The OSMOTIC pressure at the VENULAR end of the systemic capillary is LOWER than the osmotic pressure at the VENULAR end of the pulmonary capillaries. | |
| d. | None of the above |
6. The osmotic pressure within a capillary is an absorptive force. The osmotic pressure develops as a result of which of the following?
| a. | carbohydrates | |
| b. | lipids | |
| c. | proteins | |
| d. | nucleic acids |
7. Which of the following organs synthesizes albumin?
| a. | kidney | |
| b. | liver | |
| c. | spleen | |
| d. | heart |
8. Ascites is due to which of the following?
| a. | liver dysfunction | |
| b. | reduced plasma albumin levels | |
| c. | excessive loss of fluid from to capillary into the interstitial space | |
| d. | all of the above |
9. Which of the following diseases is associated with ascites?
| a. | alcoholism | |
| b. | MALNUTRITION | |
| c. | both a and b | |
| d. | none of the above |
10. Which of the following tteatments isused to resolve ascites caused by alcoholic liver dicrease
| A. | paracentesis | |
| B. | liver transplant | |
| C. | CESSATION OF ALCOHO; COMSUMPTION | |
| D. | all of the above |
QUESTION 11:
| At pH 7.4, some of the H2CO3 produced from a reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase immediately dissociates into A. H+, CO2 B. H+, HCO3- C. OH-, CO2 D. OH-, HCO3- |
| a. | . | |
| b. | . | |
| c. | . | |
| d. | . |
12. The pH of the patientâs blood is 7.7. The patient is alkalotic and her ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is
A. 10 to 1
B. 20 to 1
C. 30 to 1
D. 40 to 1
E. 50 to 1
13. THE NORMAL VALUE FOR THE BICARBONATE ION IS WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
| a. | 240 mEq/l | |
| b. | 24 mEq/L | |
| c. | 40 mEq/L | |
| d. | none of the above |
