1. How do vaccines work to protect against infectious diseases, and what are some of the challenges involved in developing effective vaccines?

What are the challenges for prevention and control of aparticular infectious disease. Does this disease already have avaccination, and if so, is the challenge in getting people to getvaccinated, or in creating a vaccine, or something else? How doesthe biology of a virus (for example, influenza or HIV) or bacteria(for example, TB or MRSA) present a challenge for its control? Howcan/do some organisms cause pandemics and how are different species(humans, animals) involved in that process? What do you think maybe the next infectious disease pandemic, and why? What organisms doyou think are most at risk for bioterrorism use, and why? Whatefforts are in place to prevent infectious disease relatedbioterrorism, and are they sufficient?

If any references are use can you list them

There are routine vaccines available to prevent some bacterial and viral infections. Which of the two have more vaccines available? Why do you think there are no routine vaccines against algae, parasites and fungi? Use information from your textbook, cdc.gov vaccines (under Quick Links, select Vaccines and Preventable Diseases) and HealthyPeople.gov (under Topics and Objectives select Immunization and Infectious Diseases). Can antibiotics be used against viruses? Explain your response. List website references.

In the past several years, news coverage has focused on several high-profile disease outbreaks involving pathogens against which much of the population has been vaccinated.

Discuss how those who are NOT vaccinated may be potentially putting those who ARE vaccinated at risk of developing disease.

Include a description of community immunity, how vaccinations protect us from disease, and some of the shortfalls of vaccines.