samariam2007

samariam2007

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Mariam Safar

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English1Business1Communications3Algebra1Calculus2Biology7
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Hey! need help summarizing this text in 25o words. thanks

This is news that shakes the entire life sciences. We would finally have found the DNA of the most fantasy creature ever populated the Earth: a dinosaur! No, we are not at the beginning of the Jurassic Park movie. The team of American and Chinese paleontologists behind this incredible discovery is very real. And they did not need an unlikely find, such as the mosquito full of blood and trapped in amber imagined by Hollywood writers.

The reality is simpler: it was in a very small fossil discovered several decades ago, an innocuous piece of petrified cartilage, that this treasure hid. As an additional nod, it was the scientific advisor to the famous science fiction film, Jack Horner, who discovered it in the late 1980s, within the Two Medicine rock formation in Montana (United States). On the site rested several remains of a duck-billed dinosaur, of the species Hypacrosaurus stebingeri, a herbivore that could reach 10 m in length and lived in North America 75 million years ago.

And thirty years later, while reanalyzing one of these fossils, a piece of cartilage from a baby's skull, Alida Bailleul, paleontologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, observes an amazing phenomenon: inside some cells, especially those frozen in full division, strange dark spots are visible at the very place where DNA is supposed to condense into chromosomes! Feminile, researchers then inject fluorescent molecules into the tissues, which have the property of binding specifically to the nitrogen bases of DNA. "The nucleus inside the cells has colored, proving that DNA has been detected," enthuses Alida Bailleul.

AN UNEXPECTED OUTCOME

However, no DNA is supposed to survive so long... Its laws of degradation are clear.

"So far, all the data showed that DNA cannot be preserved for more than 1 million years," says Céline Bon, a researcher in genetic anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History. Over time, it fragments into small pieces, becoming less and less exploitable, before disappearing completely. And the warmer it is, the more DNA deteriorates. The oldest samples found so far had all been kept in permafrost or ice caps. And even among these, none were more than 1 million years old! So a dinosaur DNA, 75 times older? The result seems simply absurd.

CLONING DREAMS

Despite everything, this discovery gives researchers hope to increase their knowledge of dinosaurs like never before. "For the moment, we only study them through birds, which are Avian dinosaurs," recalls Céline Bon. And if scientists have already found proteins in fossils 195 million years old (see box), "the information is much less rich than that contained in DNA," points out Thierry Grange.

It is a reconstruction of the entire phylogenetic tree of dinosaurs, but also a better knowledge of their ecology, even their diseases, that a future study of their genome would suggest - not to mention cloning dreams. To achieve this, there might be no need for new and miraculous finds. Because museums and collections are already full of fossils. How many of them still hide within them a tiny DNA fragment, certainly a little degraded, but ready to reveal itself?

But if we exclude this possibility, how to explain the observed structures and, above all, the results of the coloring test? External contamination of the samples, a major enemy of paleontologists, is of course possible. Many organic or mineral structures, of more recent origin than fossils, can be deposited there during fossilization or analysis by scientists. In addition, "the DNA detection methods used are not very specific. Dyes can react with other organic substances," warns Thierry Grange, head of the Epigenome and Paleogenome team at the Jacques-Monod Institute.

Except that for Alida Bailleul, this hypothesis is not possible: "Staining was observed inside the cells, precisely at the location of the nucleus," she sweeps. This would not have been the case if organisms, such as bacteria or viruses, had interfered in the sample: the staining would then have spread throughout its surface. So what? Anything we thought we knew about DNA conservation would be false? Decoding the genome of a tyrannosaurus, or why not Lucy the australopitheca, would become the domain of the possible? For Alida Bailleul, this discovery leads to a review of some a priori: "The entire scientific community does not know enough about genome degradation in very old fossils." To fill this gap, it will have to overcome a powerful cognitive barrier: "We are not yet ready to consider keeping DNA for so long. But ten years ago, no one would have believed anyone saying they had found fragments 1 million years old, "says Thierry Grange.R

We are therefore at a real turning point. But there is still a long way to go. Already, "these experiments should be replicated in other laboratories by other teams," comments Céline Bon. Alida Bailleul is already looking further, and would like to "analyze more fossils and use different tests to better understand the DNA preservation process. But to do this, it will have to be studied with new chemistry, histology and new sequencers methods, and therefore innovate". With the ultimate goal of one day being able to sequence the DNA discovered, that is to say, determine the order of the bases that make up the molecule and thus obtain crucial genetic information about our duck-billed dinosaur. But the team does not think this is possible immediately. "Current DNA sequencing technologies do not work properly on very old fossils, like this," admits Alida Bailleul. First of all, we should start by better understanding how the genome is deteriorating...

 

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Gene Sequence

AACGCGGGAAGCAGGGGCGGGGCCTCTGGTGGCGGTCGGGAACTCGGTGGGAGGCGGCAA CATTGTTTCAAGTTGGCCAAATTGACAAGAGCGAGAGGTATACTGCGTTCCATCCCGACC CGGGGCCACGGTACTGGGCCCTGTTTCCCCCTCCTCGGCCCCCGAGAGCCAGGGTCCGCC TTCTGCAGGGTTCCCAGGCCCCCGCTCCAGGGCCGGGCTGACCCGACTCGCTGGCGCTTC ATGGAGAACTTCCAAAAGGTGGAAAAGATCGGAGAGGGCACGTACGGAGTTGTGTACAAA GCCAGAAACAAGTTGACGGGAGAGGTGGTGGCGCTTAAGAAAATCCGCCTGGACACGTGA GTGGCCTCTGTACCCGGGACTCCTAACTGGGGACCTCCTTGATTGTCCCCCCCAACCCCC CACGGGCGGGTAGCCGTCCAGGGACCGGAAGAGAGCAGGGAGGGACTTCTTTAGAAGTGG AGAGGTGGGTTGGGGGCCAGTAGAAGGTGAAGAGTATACTTATACTCCCTGGGGAGAGTA TAGGGTGGTGTGGAATCCATGGAAAACTTTCTTCCCAAACTGAGCCGGATCGTGCCCCCA AATGTGCGACTACAGACTCGGGGAGAGAAAGGAGGTCTCTGAGATGAGGTCCAAGACTCT CCATGGAGTGGAGTTATGTGGGAACCGGCGAGAATCGCCTTTCTGAATGAAGAGCCCTCT TCACTGCCCCACCCTCACCTTAGAATTCTCTCCTCTTTCCAAAGAATGGCAGTTGAACCT CACTGGCCCCTCTGGGGAGGCTGGGGGCTACTCCTGCATTTTTTCCCCTCCATTACAGTC TCCCTGCTTCACCTTCACCAGGCGGCTTTACTTACCTACCCCTGGGAAAAGAGGAGATAA TGGCCTTAATATATCCAAAAACCACACCCTGACTACCCAAGAATTAGCTCTTACCATCAC CCTTTCTCTTCTCTCACTTTCCTAGGGGGTGCTGGGTGGTGTCTCCTTGGGGGAAAGAAA TGACTAGGTGGGGGGGAAAGGAATATTTGTAACCATATTCCCATCTCTGCTTTCCCAACC TCTCCAAGTGAGACTGAGGGTGTGCCCAGTACTGCCATCCGAGAGATCTCTCTGCTTAAG GAGCTTAACCATCCTAATATTGTCAAGTAAGTATGCGTCTGAGAGGTGATCCAGCTGGAA AGGAGGATAAGTTCTGTCTGTACAGTGTGGGCATTTCTCTCTCTCACACACCTCCATTTC CTCAAACTTTCCTTCTCTAGGCTGCTGGATGTCATTCACACAGAAAATAAACTCTACCTG GTTTTTGAATTTCTGCACCAAGATCTCAAGAAATTCATGGATGCCTCTGCTCTCACTGGC ATTCCTCTTCCCCTCATCAAGGTAATGCTTCTCATCAGCTCCTCTCATCATGGGCATGTC TTGGGGGACTGGTGGCAGGCAATTCAGGGTGATATTTTATGATTTTGGCCTCCTTCTGAG CCCTCATCTCCTATACACACACACTCCCCTTCTTTTTGTGTCTCCTTCCCTGCTCATTAT ATTCATTAACCCTAGGGTTGGACTGAACAATCAAAGTTGAAACTCTAGTGAGTCAACCTA GCAACTCAGGTGGGAGGTCAGATGAAACTCAGATAAACGGGATTTGAGAGCACTTGGTAA ATTCCTCCAAAAAGCCCTTCCATTTGGTGGAAGACCTAGCTAGTGAGTCCCTATTGTCTA TTTTAGGGCTGGATTCTTCACTCCCAGAGCTACTTTCAATCTATTAACAAACATTTTTTC AATGCACAGGATGTAGAAAAGGGATGGAAAATTGAGTAAGACTTGGTCCTTATCCTCTCT GGGCTGACAGTCCATTGGGAGAAATAGCTTGTAAATATGTAACTATAATCCAACATAATA AAGGCTTTAGTAGAGTTTTAGGGGCACAGAGCAAACCCAGTCTGCTCACTGTAATGGAGA AACACAGTCCTCTCTTTCTCCTTTGTCAGAGCTATCTGTTCCAGCTGCTCCAGGGCCTAG CTTTCTGCCATTCTCATCGGGTCCTCCACCGAGACCTTAAACCTCAGAATCTGCTTATTA ACACAGAGGGGGCCATCAAGCTAGCAGACTTTGGACTAGCCAGAGCTTTTGGAGTCCCTG TTCGTACTTACACCCATGAGGTGAGTCCCTTTATGTCTTTTTTCTCTGAGCTTCCCAAGA GGTGTTAACTAGGGTATTCACAAAGTTACTAAAAATATCTGGCTAACAGTTTCTTACTAG GTAGAAATAATCTCTTGACATCCTAAAGAGTCTTAGGGTATGCATGGAATTCATACTGTG TTGCTAACTGGGCCCACACCTGTAATACCAATACTTTGGGAGGCTGAGGTGGGAGGATCA CTTGAGCCCAGGAGTTCGAGACCATCATGGGCAACATAGCGAGACCCCATCTCTACAAAT CTACAAAAAGAAAAAATTTAGAAATAAAATTATGACCAATTTGTCTCAAGTTTTTCCAGG AAGATCTCAAATTAGGGGTTCAGTCCAGAACTATGGACTGGAAATCAGTGGGAGGGGAAA GATGATGGAGGGAAGGAAACTGCTTGTTAAGAGGCCAAGAGTAAGCAGAGTAGTGTTGAG GAACTGAGATGCGGGAATTTCCATACCCTATAAACCACCCCGCCCCTCCCTATTCCCGTC CCTCAGGTGGTGACCCTGTGGTACCGAGCTCCTGAAATCCTCCTGGGCTGCAAATATTAT TCCACAGCTGTGGACATCTGGAGCCTGGGCTGCATCTTTGCTGAGATGGTATGGAGGCTT GCCCAAGTTCCACCCAGCCCCCTCCCTCTCCTCCCCACATCCAAGAACAACAGAACTGCT TCTTGGCCCAGACCTATGGCCCTTCTATCACAGGGTTCTCTCTCTAAAGTAGCACCAAGG GGAATGGTGGGAAAGGATGCAACTGTTGCCCTGATATCAACCACAGTGTTAGGATATCCT CAAACAGCCTTAGTACCTGGTATACATCTCTTATCCCTGAAATAAGTTAAAGCATTTCTG CAGCTGTTTTAGCTGTAGTCTGCATATATTTGGGAGAATGATTCCATTTAGTGCCTCTTT TATTTCAGGCCTTCATTTCAAGGCTTGTAGACCTTGTTGTATGGTGCCAGCAATGTAGTG AAGACAACTGTGGTCACTTTACCCACACCTTTCATTTAAACTGCAGATTTAGGCAGGGTG CAGTGGCTCACACCTATAATACCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCTGAGGTAGGTGGATCACCTGAG GTCAGGAGTTTGAGACCAGCCTGGCCAACATGTTAAAACCCTGTCTCTACTAAAAATACA AAAATTAGCCAGGTGTGGCTACTTGGGATTACACACCTGTAATCCCAGCTACTTGGGAGG CCAAGGCAGGAGAATCGGTTGAACCCGGGAGATGGAGGTTGCAGTGACCAAGATTGCACC ACTGCACTCCAGCCTGGGCGACAGAATGAGATTCCATCTCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAGATTTAGATCATGTTCCCCTTCAACCTCTGGCTTTTCAGACTGAAGGATCC TTGAAGCCTGGCTTTATGTAGAAGCTCCCATCTCCTTTAATATAACAGTACAGTGGTGCA GTAGGCTGTCTTCAAATCAGCAATATGTTTTATTGTCTTTTATCTTGGTTGTAACCAAGA GCTTAAAGACCATTAGCCTATACATATGTAATGTGCATTTATCCCCCCAGTGCATTACCT TACAATTGTCCGTATTCCTCTCTCAATTCATCAAAAAATATTTGTTAAGCACCTAGTGGG TACCCAGCACCATGCTAGGTGCTGTGGGGAACACAGAAGAAATGGAAGACAGAGTCTCTG CCCGCTGTGCTCGTATCTAGAAGTGGCTGCATCACAAGGTTGGGGGATGACCGCAGTGTC TACCCCCTACCCCGTGAGTGGCTTGGGATACCTTTGCTACATGTCAGTGGCACCCCAGAC ATTCACCCCCTCCCAGACCCACCCAGCCTTGGGGATCTGCAAAGCCATGGTTGGGGGAAG GAAGGAGGGGGCGAGGAGACAGATGAAGGAACTTCATTGTCTCAGGTTCTGTGTGACTGA CCCCATGAAAGGCCCTGGGGAGGGAGTCATGGGGCCCTGCTGACCTTTTACTGTCTGTGG GAACTCCTTTGTATAGAGGAGAGTTTTGACTGACGTCAACGTGGGTCTTGGTATTTCCTC TTTCCCCATTTTCAGGTGACTCGCCGGGCCCTATTCCCTGGAGATTCTGAGATTGACCAG CTCTTCCGGATCTTTCGGACTCTGGGGACCCCAGATGAGGTGGTGTGGCCAGGAGTTACT TCTATGCCTGATTACAAGCCAAGTTTCCCCAAGTGGGCCCGGCAAGATTTTAGTAAAGTT GTACCTCCCCTGGATGAAGATGGACGGAGCTTGTTATCGGTGAGAGTGGGCACCTGTTTT CCCTCATTCATTTCTCCCAGGGAAGGGCTTTTCCAGGATGAAGGAAGGATGAGACCCTGA AATCTGGGCCTCAGTGTTTCATTTCCCTGGTTCCTGCTCTCCCTGTTGGCACACTGATTC AGCTATGGGAGGATGGAAGTGAGAATTCTGCCTTGGGTAGAAGGAGTTCTGGTTTCCTGA TTTCTGGGAACACCTGCTGCCCATTTAGTCCACTATCACATCATTGAAGTCAACATGCAT CTCTCCCTCTAGCAAATGCTGCACTACGACCCTAACAAGCGGATTTCGGCCAAGGCAGCC CTGGCTCACCCTTTCTTCCAGGATGTGACCAAGCCAGTACCCCATCTTCGACTCTGATAG CCTTCTTGAAGCCCCCAGCCCTAATCTCACCCTCTCCTCCAGTGTGGGCTTGACCAGGCT TGGCCTTGGGCTATTTGGACTCAGGTGGGCCCTCTGAACTTGCCTTAAACACTCACCTTC TAGTCTTGGCCAGCCAACTCTGGGAATACAGGGGTGAAAGGGGGGAACCAGTGAAAATGA AAGGAAGTTTCAGTATTAGATGCACTTAAGTTAGCCTCCACCACCCTTTCCCCCTTCTCT TAGTTATTGCTGAAGAGGGTTGGTATAAAAATAATTTTAAAAAAGCCTTCCTACACGTTA GATTTGCCGTACCAATCTCTGAATGCCCCATAATTATTATTTCCAGTGTTTGGGATGACC AGGATCCCAAGCCTCCTGCTGCCACAATGTTTATAAAGGCCAAATGATAGCGGGGGCTAA GTTGGTGCTTTTGAGAACCAAGTAAAACAAAACCACTGGGAGGAGTCTATTTTAAAGAAT TCGGTTGAAAAAATAGATCCAATCAGTTTATACCCTAGTTAGTGTTTTGCCTCACCTAAT AGGCTGGGAGACTGAAGACTCAGCCCGGGTGGGGCTGCAGAAAAATGATTGGCCCCAGTC CCCTTGTTTGTCCCTTCTACAGGCATGAGGAATCTGGGAGGCCCTGAGACAGGGATTGTG CTTCATTCCAATCTATTGCTTCACCATGGCCTTATGAGGCAGGTGAGAGATGTTTGAATT TTTCTCTTCCTTTTAGTATTCTTAGTTGTTCAGTTGCCAAGGATCCCTGATCCCATTTTC CTCTGACGTCCACCTCCTACCCCATAGGAGTTAGAAGTTAGGGTTTAGGCATCATTTTGA GAATGCTGACACTTTTTCAGGGCTGTGATTGAGTGAGGGCATGGGTAAAAATATTTCTTT AAAAGAAGGATGAACAATTATATTTATATTTCAGGTTATATCCAATAGTAGAGTTGGCTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGGTCATAGTGGGTGGATTTGTTGCCATGTGCACCTTGGGGTTTTG TAATGACAGTGCTAAAAAAAAAAAGCATTTTTTTTTTATGATTTGTCTCTGTCACCCTTG TCCTTGAGTGCTCTTGCTATTAACGTTATTTGTAATTTAGTTTGTAGCTCATTAAAAAAA TGTGCCTAGTTTTATA

>gene 2 CCDS

ATGGAGAACTTCCAAAAGGTGGAAAAGATCGGAGAGGGCACGTACGGAGTTGTGTACAAAGCCAGAAACA
AGTTGACGGGAGAGGTGGTGGCGCTTAAGAAAATCCGCCTGGACACTGAGACTGAGGGTGTGCCCAGTAC
TGCCATCCGAGAGATCTCTCTGCTTAAGGAGCTTAACCATCCTAATATTGTCAAGCTGCTGGATGTCATT
CACACAGAAAATAAACTCTACCTGGTTTTTGAATTTCTGCACCAAGATCTCAAGAAATTCATGGATGCCT
CTGCTCTCACTGGCATTCCTCTTCCCCTCATCAAGAGCTATCTGTTCCAGCTGCTCCAGGGCCTAGCTTT
CTGCCATTCTCATCGGGTCCTCCACCGAGACCTTAAACCTCAGAATCTGCTTATTAACACAGAGGGGGCC
ATCAAGCTAGCAGACTTTGGACTAGCCAGAGCTTTTGGAGTCCCTGTTCGTACTTACACCCATGAGGTGA
CTCGCCGGGCCCTATTCCCTGGAGATTCTGAGATTGACCAGCTCTTCCGGATCTTTCGGACTCTGGGGAC
CCCAGATGAGGTGGTGTGGCCAGGAGTTACTTCTATGCCTGATTACAAGCCAAGTTTCCCCAAGTGGGCC
CGGCAAGATTTTAGTAAAGTTGTACCTCCCCTGGATGAAGATGGACGGAGCTTGTTATCGCAAATGCTGC
ACTACGACCCTAACAAGCGGATTTCGGCCAAGGCAGCCCTGGCTCACCCTTTCTTCCAGGATGTGACCAA
GCCAGTACCCCATCTTCGACTCTGA

Here is the combination of the CCDS and DNA Gene sequences and the results are at the bottom.

The program will give back alignments of the two sequences, showing
how they match, and indicating the start and end position in the sequence that matches.
Note that the program will look for matches in both the “top” strand and in the “bottom”
strand, so the sequence you see in the alignment may not be the sequence you
entered, but the reverse complement, to show the match.
Recall that CCDS sequences are DNA sequences that correspond to the coding
sequences that end up in mature mRNA, and they are listed in a 5’ to 3’ orientation with
respect to the gene product (starting with ATG, ending with stop), whereas the genomic
DNA is listed as it sits relative to the whole chromosome. In addition, the expectation is
that all of the CCDS sequence (from 1 to the end) will be represented exactly once in
the genomic sequence, but that it will be broken into pieces that correspond to the
exons (which will be interspersed with introns). Use this knowledge to help you answer
the following questions.

1. With respect to the genomic DNA as it is listed, does the RNA polymerase move
from left to right or right to left along the DNA to produce the RNA product? What is the
observation or result that you use answer this question/support your conclusion?


2. How many coding exons are present in the transcript represented by your CCDS?
What is the observation or result that you use answer this question/support your
conclusion?

Below is the gene sequence from the program.

Range 1: 485 to 690Graphics Next Match Previous Match First Match

Alignment statistics for match #1
Score Expect Identities Gaps Strand Frame
372 bits(412) 3e-106() 206/206(100%) 0/206(0%) Plus/Plus

Features:

 Query 4274 AGGTGACTCGCCGGGCCCTATTCCCTGGAGATTCTGAGATTGACCAGCTCTTCCGGATCT 4333 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 485 AGGTGACTCGCCGGGCCCTATTCCCTGGAGATTCTGAGATTGACCAGCTCTTCCGGATCT 544 Query 4334 TTCGGACTCTGGGGACCCCAGATGAGGTGGTGTGGCCAGGAGTTACTTCTATGCCTGATT 4393 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 545 TTCGGACTCTGGGGACCCCAGATGAGGTGGTGTGGCCAGGAGTTACTTCTATGCCTGATT 604 Query 4394 ACAAGCCAAGTTTCCCCAAGTGGGCCCGGCAAGATTTTAGTAAAGTTGTACCTCCCCTGG 4453 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 605 ACAAGCCAAGTTTCCCCAAGTGGGCCCGGCAAGATTTTAGTAAAGTTGTACCTCCCCTGG 664 Query 4454 ATGAAGATGGACGGAGCTTGTTATCG 4479 |||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 665 ATGAAGATGGACGGAGCTTGTTATCG 690 

Range 2: 314 to 493Graphics Next Match Previous Match First Match

Alignment statistics for match #2
Score Expect Identities Gaps Strand Frame
320 bits(354) 2e-90() 179/180(99%) 0/180(0%) Plus/Plus

Features:

 Query 2008 AGAGCTATCTGTTCCAGCTGCTCCAGGGCCTAGCTTTCTGCCATTCTCATCGGGTCCTCC 2067 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 314 AGAGCTATCTGTTCCAGCTGCTCCAGGGCCTAGCTTTCTGCCATTCTCATCGGGTCCTCC 373 Query 2068 ACCGAGACCTTAAACCTCAGAATCTGCTTATTAACACAGAGGGGGCCATCAAGCTAGCAG 2127 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 374 ACCGAGACCTTAAACCTCAGAATCTGCTTATTAACACAGAGGGGGCCATCAAGCTAGCAG 433 Query 2128 ACTTTGGACTAGCCAGAGCTTTTGGAGTCCCTGTTCGTACTTACACCCATGAGGTGAGTC 2187 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| || Sbjct 434 ACTTTGGACTAGCCAGAGCTTTTGGAGTCCCTGTTCGTACTTACACCCATGAGGTGACTC 493 

Range 3: 195 to 315Graphics Next Match Previous Match First Match

Alignment statistics for match #3
Score Expect Identities Gaps Strand Frame
219 bits(242) 4e-60() 121/121(100%) 0/121(0%) Plus/Plus

Features:

 Query 1281 GCTGCTGGATGTCATTCACACAGAAAATAAACTCTACCTGGTTTTTGAATTTCTGCACCA 1340 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 195 GCTGCTGGATGTCATTCACACAGAAAATAAACTCTACCTGGTTTTTGAATTTCTGCACCA 254 Query 1341 AGATCTCAAGAAATTCATGGATGCCTCTGCTCTCACTGGCATTCCTCTTCCCCTCATCAA 1400 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 255 AGATCTCAAGAAATTCATGGATGCCTCTGCTCTCACTGGCATTCCTCTTCCCCTCATCAA 314 Query 1401 G 1401 | Sbjct 315 G 315 

Range 4: 1 to 120Graphics Next Match Previous Match First Match

Alignment statistics for match #4
Score Expect Identities Gaps Strand Frame
210 bits(232) 2e-57() 120/121(99%) 1/121(0%) Plus/Plus

Features:

 Query 241 ATGGAGAACTTCCAAAAGGTGGAAAAGATCGGAGAGGGCACGTACGGAGTTGTGTACAAA 300 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 1 ATGGAGAACTTCCAAAAGGTGGAAAAGATCGGAGAGGGCACGTACGGAGTTGTGTACAAA 60 Query 301 GCCAGAAACAAGTTGACGGGAGAGGTGGTGGCGCTTAAGAAAATCCGCCTGGACACGTGA 360 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||| Sbjct 61 GCCAGAAACAAGTTGACGGGAGAGGTGGTGGCGCTTAAGAAAATCCGCCTGGACAC-TGA 119 Query 361 G 361 | Sbjct 120 G 120 

Range 5: 690 to 795Graphics Next Match Previous Match First Match

Alignment statistics for match #5
Score Expect Identities Gaps Strand Frame
192 bits(212) 5e-52() 106/106(100%) 0/106(0%) Plus/Plus

Features:

 Query 4752 GCAAATGCTGCACTACGACCCTAACAAGCGGATTTCGGCCAAGGCAGCCCTGGCTCACCC 4811 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 690 GCAAATGCTGCACTACGACCCTAACAAGCGGATTTCGGCCAAGGCAGCCCTGGCTCACCC 749 Query 4812 TTTCTTCCAGGATGTGACCAAGCCAGTACCCCATCTTCGACTCTGA 4857 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 750 TTTCTTCCAGGATGTGACCAAGCCAGTACCCCATCTTCGACTCTGA 795 

Range 6: 117 to 195Graphics Next Match Previous Match First Match

Alignment statistics for match #6
Score Expect Identities Gaps Strand Frame
143 bits(158) 2e-37() 79/79(100%) 0/79(0%) Plus/Plus

Features:

 Query 1089 TGAGACTGAGGGTGTGCCCAGTACTGCCATCCGAGAGATCTCTCTGCTTAAGGAGCTTAA 1148 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 117 TGAGACTGAGGGTGTGCCCAGTACTGCCATCCGAGAGATCTCTCTGCTTAAGGAGCTTAA 176 Query 1149 CCATCCTAATATTGTCAAG 1167 ||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 177 CCATCCTAATATTGTCAAG 195 

Range 7: 149 to 160Graphics Next Match Previous Match First Match

Alignment statistics for match #7
Score Expect Identities Gaps Strand Frame
22.9 bits(24) 0.59() 12/12(100%) 0/12(0%) Plus/Minus

Features:

 Query 1121 GAGAGATCTCTC 1132 |||||||||||| Sbjct 160 GAGAGATCTCTC 149 

Range 8: 333 to 343Graphics Next Match Previous Match First Match

Alignment statistics for match #8
Score Expect Identities Gaps Strand Frame
21.1 bits(22) 2.0() 11/11(100%) 0/11(0%) Plus/Plus

Features:

 Query 204 GCTCCAGGGCC 214 ||||||||||| Sbjct 333 GCTCCAGGGCC 343 

Range 9: 726 to 736Graphics Next Match Previous Match First Match

Alignment statistics for match #9
Score Expect Identities Gaps Strand Frame
21.1 bits(22) 2.0() 11/11(100%) 0/11(0%) Plus/Plus

Features:

 Query 3419 GGCCAAGGCAG 3429 ||||||||||| Sbjct 726 GGCCAAGGCAG 736 

Range 10: 744 to 754Graphics Next Match Previous Match First Match

Alignment statistics for match #10
Score Expect Identities Gaps Strand Frame
21.1 bits(22) 2.0() 11/11(100%) 0/11(0%) Plus/Plus

Features:

 Query 957 TCACCCTTTCT 967 ||||||||||| Sbjct 744 TCACCCTTTCT 754 

Answer: With respect to the genomic DNA as listed, the RNA polymerase moves fr...

Written report-

Must consist of five paragraphs

Follow the picture in order to understand the assignment.

The effect of ethnocentric conflict around the world extends beyond those actually involved in the violence. These conflicts impact the surrounding regions as well as a countless number of innocent women and children. In this assignment you will research ethnocentric conflict and its global impact, particularly on women and children and neighboring countries or regions. You will then create a report with your findings and analysis in the format of your choosing (written report, video television report, podcast report, multimedia presentation, etc.). Support your special repor on the global impact of ethnocentric conflict with cited evidence from your research, along with images, graphs, statistics, etc.

Consider the following in your research and report:

What is the impact of these conflicts beyond the numbers of deaths?

Who else is affected besides those directly involved in the fighting?

How and why have women and children been the victims of violence in these conflicts?

What relief is provided to those devastated by these conflicts and is it enough?

What long term implications have these conflicts had?

Use the following websites to begin your research and then use a search engine to find other sources:

http://www.voicesofrwanda.org/

http://www.unicef.org/graca/

http://www.globaljusticecenter.net/projects/

http://www.state.gov/www/globalhuman_rights/kosovoii/homepage.html

https://www.cia.govlibrary/publications/the-world-factbook/

Answer: Title: The Global Impact of Ethnocentric Conflict on Women, Children, ...
Answer: Title: Quality Car & Truck Leasing v. M&M Excavating, Inc. Fac...
Answer: Locavorism is the practice of consuming only locally produced food, ty...
Answer:Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some ba...

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