An astronomical unit (AU) is equal to the averagedistance from Earth to the Sun, about 92.9 Ã 10⁶ mi. Aparsec (pc) is the distance at which a length of 1 AUwould subtend an angle of exactly 1 second of arc (Figure 1-8). Alight-year (ly) is the distance that light, travelingthrough a vacuum with a speed of 186000 mi/s, would cover in 1.0year. Express the EarthâSun distance in (a)parsecs and (b) light-years.

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Reid WolffLv2

30 Jun 2019

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An astronomiclal unit (AU) is equal to the average distance fromthe Earth to the Sun, about 92.9 x 10^6 mi. A parsec (pc) is thedistance at which 1 AU would subtend an angle of exactly 1 secondof arc. A light-year (ly) is the distance that light, travelingthrough a vacuum with a speed of 186,000 mi/s, would cover in 1.0year.

1. Calculate whether the setting sun floats or sinks into thePacific Ocean each night.
2. Use the size of the Universe, assume 200 billion galazies, ourown is average, and 200 billion stars per galaxy, our Sun isaverage, to calculate the density of the known Universe.

The astronomical unit (AU) is defined as the mean center-to-center distance from Earth to the Sun, namely 1.496x10^(11) m. The parsec is the radius of a circle for which a central angle of 1 s intercepts an arc of length 1 AU. The light-year is the distance that light travels in 1 y. (a) How many parsecs are there in one astronomical unit? (b) How many meters are in a parsec? (c) How many meters in a light-year? (d) How many astronomical units in a light-year? (e) How many light-years in a parsec?

(1) Using Equation delta.d = 2do+ n glass d glass - d1 and Figure 1-3 and 1-4 located in theExperimental
Procedure, determine the speed of light assuming that the distancebetween
the transmitter-side mirror and the face of the corner-cube do is1.7m and the
distance between the two mirrors d1 is 4 em. (Note: The corner-cubeis
designed so that light always travels 6.7 em within the corner-cube- i.e.
dglass)). nglass=1.5
(2) Calculate the time-of-flight you expect for light to propagatea distance of 20
m in (a) vacuum and (b) a medium with an index of refraction n =1.5.
Express your answer in nanoseconds (ns).
(3) In telephone calls using a satellite, you sometimes can hear adelay in the
response of the other person. Satellites are usually either inlow-Earth orbit
Uust above the atmosphere) or much higher in geosynchronous orbit.The
latter is at an altitude of 35,785 kilometers (22,236 miles), wherethe satellite
completes one orbit in exactly one day. Because the orbitalvelocity matches
the spin rate of the Earth, a satellite in a circular equatorialgeosynchronous
orbit appears to hover motionless over a single location on theequator. The
total delay in hearing your correspondent's reply, due to thefinite speed of
light, is due to two round trips. If you and your correspondentwere located
nearby, and on the equator, the only distance involved is thedistance from
you to the satellite, the total distance corresponding to the delayis 4 x 35,785
km. Calculate this delay, assuming the radio signal travels at thespeed of
light in a vacuum. Report your answer in units of seconds, anddiscuss in one
sentence whether this delay is long enough for you to notice.Identify at least
one factor that could cause the actual delay to be longer than whatyou
calculated.

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