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18 Dec 2019

Both water and sodium are

Select one:

1. Filtered at the glomerulus

2. Actively reabsorbed by the tubule

3. Secreted by the tubule

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Keith Leannon
Keith LeannonLv2
31 Dec 2019
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Related questions

1. Which of the following vessels, if stimulated to vasoconstrict, would cause increased filtration in the glomerular capillaries?
(a) Afferent arteriole​(c) Efferent arteriole
(b) Vasa recta​(d) Peritubular capillaries
2. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the flow of filtrate through the renal tubule?
(a) Glomerulus à Distal convoluted tubule à Ascending limb of nephron loop à Descending limb of nephron loop à Proximal convoluted tubule à Collecting duct
(b) Glomerulus à Proximal convoluted tubule à Descending limb of nephron loop à Ascending limb of nephron loop à Distal convoluted tubule à Collecting duct
(c) Glomerulus à Proximal convoluted tubule à Ascending limb of nephron loop à Descending limb of nephron loop à Distal convoluted tubule à Collecting duct
(d) Glomerulus à Distal convoluted tubule à Descending limb of nephron loop à Ascending limb of nephron loop à Proximal convoluted tubule à Collecting duct
3. Tubular ______________ occurs when certain substances (i.e. ions, drugs) are removed from the bloodstream and placed back into the renal tubule.
(a) Elimination​(c) Secretion
(b) Reabsorption​(d) Filtration
4. Which of the following is TRUE about the reabsorption process in the proximal convoluted tubule?
(a) Na + ions are actively transported out of the tubule and into the peritubular capillaries
(b) Negatively charged ions (e.g. chloride) are transported out of the tubule in response to the movement of sodium
(c) Water is reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries because of the increased osmotic pressure
(d) All of the above
5. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the glomerulus and the processes that occur there?
(a) Capsular hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure of fluid pressing on the capsule and opposes filtration
(b) Net filtration pressure in the glomerulus is the difference between forces favoring filtration and forces opposing filtration
(c) Blood from the afferent arteriole is filtered by size when it enters the glomerulus because of the many fenestrae
(d) Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole lowers glomerular filtration rate
6. The descending limb of the nephron loop is impermeable to water while the ascending limb of the nephron is permeable to water.
(a) True​(b) False
7. Which of the following vessels takes blood out of the renal corpuscle and returns it to the bloodstream?
(a) Peritubular capillary system​(c) Vasa recta
(b) Efferent arteriole​(d) Afferent arteriole
8. Under the influence of ADH, the ___________________ and the _________________ become permeable to water and water is reabsorbed.
(a) Proximal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop
(b) Distal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop
(c) Proximal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct
(d) Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct
9. What is the name of the region inside the bladder bounded by the two uretal openings and the urethra?
(a) Trigone​(c) Mucous layer
(b) Detrusor muscle​(d) Transitional epithelium
10. During the accumulation of urine, the bladder distends, allowing stretch receptors in the transitional epithelium to be stimulated.
(a) True​(b) False

Why does urine in people with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus smell sweet?

1)

Because more ADH is present, therefore concentrating glucose in the urine.
2)

Because the loop of Henle is leaky and allow glucose in easily.
3)

Because not all glucose can be reabsorbed in the proximal tubule due to limited number of transporters.
4)

Because more glucose is secreted from the proximal convoluted tubule

Please answer and explain, thank you.

1) How do proteins become dephosphorylated?

2) The water and solute fraction of blood that enters the renal tubule is called the filtrate. Filtrate is constantly entering the renal tubule. In a person without diabetes, all of the glucose in the filtrate is reabsorbed back into the blood by the renal tubule cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. Diabetes mellitus is a set of diseases that cause and increase in the glucose concentration in blood. Explain on a molecular level, why glucose is found in the urine of a person with uncontrolled (untreated) diabetes mellitus.

3) Cardiac muscle cells must rapidly remove calcium ions from their cytosol in between each heartbeat. These cells possess a variety of transport proteins including NKA, PMCA (plasma membrane calcium ATPase, a Ca2+ pump), and NCX (Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, which is an antiporter). Explain how each of these proteins contributes to the removal of calcium ions from the cytosol

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