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18 Dec 2019

which of the following statements about hormones is correct?

A) Anterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in thehypothalamus

B) All hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitaryglands are peptides

C) IGF-1 stimulates growth by increasing growth hormonesecretion through positive feedback

D) All of the hypophysiotropic hormones are peptides

E) Only steriod hormones can regulate the secretion of steriodhormones

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31 Dec 2019
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Which of the following are examples of mechanisms by which ectotherms regulate body temperature? Select all that apply.

a. Moving to areas with lower temperature

b. Spending time in the sun.

c. Activate metabolism to increase temperature.

d. Orient the body towards heat sources to warm up.

--------------------------

2. Many hormones affect homeostasis and often there are two hormones with opposite effects. What is the advantage of having two hormones with opposite function? (pick one)

a. homeostasis often requires two seperate echanisms with opposing effects to keep set parameters.

b. Having two seperate hormones allows homeostasis to have redundant loops, providing multiple paths to the same outcome.

c. The two hormones can work simultaneously and only the stronger one will ultimately have an effect.

From the list below, select all statements accurate with respectto hormonal regulation of steroid hormone production in males andfemales.

Question 9 options:

A)

hypothalamic secretion of GnRH stimulates LH and FSH secretionin the anterior pituitary
B)

FSH secretion in the anterior pituitary stimulates testosteronesecretion in theca cells and Leydig cells
C)

FSH secretion in the anterior pituitary stimulates inhibinsecretion by granulosa cells and Sertoli cells of the ovary andtestis, respectively
D)

LH secretion stimulates testosterone secretion in both ovariangranulosa and theca cells
E)

LH secretion stimulates testosterone secretion in Leydig andtheca cells of the testes and ovaries, respectively
F)

inhibin feeds back to turn down both LH and FSH secretion in theanterior pituitary
G)

inhibin feeds back to selectively suppress LH secretion in theanterior pituitary without changing FSH secretion
H)

inhibin feeds back to selectively suppress FSH secretion in theanterior piutitary without changing LH secretion
I)

testosterone secretion in males always feeds back to inhibitGnRH secretion from the hypothalamus
J)

testosterone secretion in males always feeds back to inhibitanterior pituitary responsiveness to GnRH
K)

progesterone in high concentration has an inhibitory effect onGnRH secretion in the hypothalamus
L)

similar to testosterone's effect in males, estrogen in femalesalways feeds back to inhibit GnRH secretion from thehypothalamus
M)

when estrogen levels in females are low, estrogen feeds back atthe hypothalamus to inihibit GnRH secretion from the hypothalamussimilar to testosterone's effects in males
N)

when estrogen levels in females are high and unaccompanied byhigh progesterone levels, estrogen is stimulatory, rather thaninhibitory to GnRH secretion in the hypothalamus
O)

if estrogen levels in females are high but are accompanied byhigh progesterone levels, the powerful inhibitory effects ofprogesterone override the stimulatory effects of estrogen andsuppress GnRH secretion from the hypothalamus

59. Saltatory Conduction

a. occurs in unmyelinated nerve fiber

b. is slower than conduction by local current flow because the myelin acts as an insulator to show the impulse down

c. involves the impulse jumping from one node of ranvier ro adjacent node

d. refers to the action potential spreading from one schwann cell to the adjacent schwann cell.

e. more than one of the above is correct

63. the universal energy currency in cells is

a. RNA b. ATP c. Glucose d. Glucogen e. DNA

66. which of the classes of hormones triggers the synthesis of new intracellular proteins within the target cell (via stimulation of DNA transcription and translation)?

a. peptides b. catecholamines c. steroids d. thyroid hormone e. both c and d are correct

68. hormones,

a. are all similar chemical composition

b. combine with specific receptors on the target cell's surface or inside the target cell

c. are secreted at a constatnt rate

d. all act by activating adenyl cyclase, which transforms ATP into cAMP

e. all of the above are correct

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