what is the textbook solution for this questions
) During cellular respiration, mitochondria break down carbohydrates to produce energy that is used to make ATP.
This process requires oxygen and carbohydrates and produces carbon dioxide and water.
During photosynthesis, chloroplasts use water and carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates.
This process requires carbon dioxide and water which are byproducts from cellular respiration.
In turn it produces oxygen and carbohydrates that are used in cellular respiration.
In this manner flow of energy is cycled between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
2) During photosynthesis, hydrogen atoms are transferred from water to carbon dioxide as glucose forms.
Thus during photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced while water is oxidised. In other words, carbon dioxide gains electrons and oxygen loses electrons.
During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidised as oxygen is reduced becoming water.
In each of these reactions, while one molecule loses electrons (is oxidised), another gains electrons (is reduced); thus each of these pathways includes redox reactions: coupled reduction and oxidation reactions.
3) The laws of thermodynamics explain energy flow and energy conservation and can be applied to biological systems.
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed also known as the law of conservation of energy.
The second law of thermodynamics states that energy is lost when it is converted from one form to another often in the form of heat.
As cells go through transformations, they decrease the total entropy of the universe, resulting in a increase in available energy.
For example, photosynthesis in plants requires an energy input to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar because there is a decrease in entropy.
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I am taking General Biology science major.
what is the textbook solution for this questions
) During cellular respiration, mitochondria break down carbohydrates to produce energy that is used to make ATP.
This process requires oxygen and carbohydrates and produces carbon dioxide and water.
During photosynthesis, chloroplasts use water and carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates.
This process requires carbon dioxide and water which are byproducts from cellular respiration.
In turn it produces oxygen and carbohydrates that are used in cellular respiration.
In this manner flow of energy is cycled between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
2) During photosynthesis, hydrogen atoms are transferred from water to carbon dioxide as glucose forms.
Thus during photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced while water is oxidised. In other words, carbon dioxide gains electrons and oxygen loses electrons.
During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidised as oxygen is reduced becoming water.
In each of these reactions, while one molecule loses electrons (is oxidised), another gains electrons (is reduced); thus each of these pathways includes redox reactions: coupled reduction and oxidation reactions.
3) The laws of thermodynamics explain energy flow and energy conservation and can be applied to biological systems.
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed also known as the law of conservation of energy.
The second law of thermodynamics states that energy is lost when it is converted from one form to another often in the form of heat.
As cells go through transformations, they decrease the total entropy of the universe, resulting in a increase in available energy.
For example, photosynthesis in plants requires an energy input to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar because there is a decrease in entropy.
Comment
I am taking General Biology science major.
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