Why do exchange surfaces have to be moist? Why does diffusion work best when molecules have to cross only a short distance? Why is a high surface area required?
o What is partial pressure? How do you calculate (or estimate) it?
o Why is gas exchange more difficult for animals with gills than animals with lungs? What advantage does countercurrent exchange give for gas exchange in the fish?
o What is the pathway of oxygen entry into our lungs, from the time we inhale until it reaches the gas exchange surfaces in the alveoli? List the major structures, in correct order.
o What is negative pressure breathing? Which main muscle groups are involved in inhalation and exhalation? Which (inhalation/exhalation) is passive, which active?
o What tissue protects the human trachea and bronchial trees from collapsing during the pressure changes of breathing? Why don't the bronchioles have this?
o In which structure does actual gas exchange take place in humans? What prevents the alveoli membranes from sticking together during exhalation? What is pulmonary surfactant? Why do premature babies often suffer from respiratory distress syndrome?
o What is a respiratory pigment? In humans, which molecule is specialized to transport oxygen in the blood? In which cells do we find this pigment? Why can't we meet our oxygen needs by using the 02 dissolved directly in the blood?
o What's the relationship between CO2, bicarbonate (HC03- ), and carbonic acid (H2CO3)? In what form is most CO2 carried in our blood? What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in gas exchange?
o Which blood gas (02 or CO2,) controls breathing under normal conditions? How are its levels sensed by respiratory centers in the brain?
Why do exchange surfaces have to be moist? Why does diffusion work best when molecules have to cross only a short distance? Why is a high surface area required?
o What is partial pressure? How do you calculate (or estimate) it?
o Why is gas exchange more difficult for animals with gills than animals with lungs? What advantage does countercurrent exchange give for gas exchange in the fish?
o What is the pathway of oxygen entry into our lungs, from the time we inhale until it reaches the gas exchange surfaces in the alveoli? List the major structures, in correct order.
o What is negative pressure breathing? Which main muscle groups are involved in inhalation and exhalation? Which (inhalation/exhalation) is passive, which active?
o What tissue protects the human trachea and bronchial trees from collapsing during the pressure changes of breathing? Why don't the bronchioles have this?
o In which structure does actual gas exchange take place in humans? What prevents the alveoli membranes from sticking together during exhalation? What is pulmonary surfactant? Why do premature babies often suffer from respiratory distress syndrome?
o What is a respiratory pigment? In humans, which molecule is specialized to transport oxygen in the blood? In which cells do we find this pigment? Why can't we meet our oxygen needs by using the 02 dissolved directly in the blood?
o What's the relationship between CO2, bicarbonate (HC03- ), and carbonic acid (H2CO3)? In what form is most CO2 carried in our blood? What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in gas exchange?
o Which blood gas (02 or CO2,) controls breathing under normal conditions? How are its levels sensed by respiratory centers in the brain?
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Related questions
QUESTION 1
Cellular respiration uses________to produce energy and releases ________as a waste product.
| O2; CO2 | ||
| CO2; O2 | ||
| ATP; G3P | ||
| G3P; ATP |
5 points
QUESTION 2
Select all of the following that compose the conducting pathways in the respiratory system.
| nasal cavity | ||
| Pharynx | ||
| Larynx | ||
| Trachea | ||
| Bronchi | ||
| Alveoli |
5 points
QUESTION 3
Match each structure with its' function.
|
|
8 points
QUESTION 4
Mammals are able to inhale because increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity will decrease the pressure within the lungs. This is called_____
| pump-controlled breathing | ||
| forced inflation breathing | ||
| negative-pressure breathing | ||
| stretch breathing |
6 points
QUESTION 5
Indentify which muscles are primarily responsible for quiet (normal, relaxed) inspiration?
| diaphragm | ||
| internal intercostals | ||
| sclaenes | ||
| abdominal muscles |
