Question

Among flowering plants, cactus-like species are found in desert-living members of the cactus family (naturally), as well as the spurge family and the milkweed family. These families are each monophyletic groups, but they are quite unrelated to each other (they are not sister clades). Within flowering plants, the cactus-like growth habit is best considered to be the result of _________________ and is a form of _______________.
1) evolutionary reversal; synapomorphy
2) convergent evolution; homoplasy
3) synapomorphy; homology
4) polymorphism; shared ancestral character state
5) convergent evolution; shared derived trait