During water diuresis: The plasma ADH concentration is high The water permeability of the cortical tubule is high The inulin concentration at the turn of the loop if Henle is less than that leaving the loop The solute concentration (urea) in the inner medulla increases None of the above Show transcribed image text During water diuresis: The plasma ADH concentration is high The water permeability of the cortical tubule is high The inulin concentration at the turn of the loop if Henle is less than that leaving the loop The solute concentration (urea) in the inner medulla increases None of the above
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1) Which of the following is a component of a vertebrate kidney? (Select all correct choices.) | |||||||||||||||||
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2)
In organisms, the ability to control osmosis depends on the properties of the plasma membranes of individual cells. Based on their ability to permit the free movement of water and some solutes, these membranes are best described as: (select all correct choices) | |||||||||||||||||
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3)I selected cortex; inner medulla, it was wrong.
The loops of Henle create a concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid surrounding the loop, with the concentration highest in the ____________ and lowest in the ____________ of the kidney. | |||||||||||||||||
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4)
The main solutes in the filtrate as it enters the distal convoluted tubule are: (select all correct choices) | |||||||||||||||||
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5) Ensure all correct choices are selected, for this question I only selected osmosis and it was wrong,
Water moves by: (select all correct choices) | |||||||||||||||||
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6)
Compared to sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction: (select all correct choices) | |||||||||||
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7)
A key difference between hormonal regulation of the reproductive systems of males and females is that: | |||||||||||
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8)
True or false: In response to LH and FSH, ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone. | |||||
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9)
During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, if the oocyte is not fertilized, a number of events occur which are listed below. Select the answer that places the events in the correct chronological order. | |||||||||||
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10)
If an antibody is missing its Fc fragment, what would happen if this antibody encounters its target antigen in the bloodstream? Select all correct choices. | |||||||||||
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11)
If an individual carries a mutation that results in a complete lack of MHC class I proteins, how would the individualâs immune response be affected? Select all correct choices. | |||||||||
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12)
Which of the following statements is true regarding T cell receptors? Select all correct choices. | |||||||||||
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Need help with biology questions:
1. To increase the excretion of an acidic drug, what would you do to the urine?
A. | Make it more basic | |
B. | None of the above | |
C. | Make it neutral | |
D. | Make it more acidic |
2. G-Protein coupled receptors directly act on which of the following secondary messenger molecules:
A. | cAMP | |
B. | ATP | |
C. | ADP | |
D. | GTP | |
E. | None of the above or more than one of the above |
3. Drug A and Drug B both produce the same level of biological/physiological response. Drug A produces this effect with 100 mg/kg dose. Drug B produces this effect with 50 mg/kg dose. Which of the following is true?:
A. | Drug B is more efficacious than Drug A. Both drugs are equally potent. | |
B. | Drug A is more efficacious than Drug B. Both drugs are equally potent. | |
C. | Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug A is more potent than Drug B. | |
D. | Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug B is more potent than Drug A. |
4. The stomach has a ______ pH, whereas the small intestines have a _______ pH. The colon has an approximately ___________ pH.
A. | High; low; neutral | |
B. | Low; high; neutral | |
C. | Low; neutral; neutral | |
D. | None of the above |
5. Which receptor is most likely to reduce norepinephrine levels when activated?
A. | alpha 2 adrenergic | |
B. | alpha 1 adrenergic | |
C. | dopamine D1 receptors |
6. Which of the following statements are FALSE?
A. | If the Vd of a drug is between 60 and 80 L the drug has likely distributed to the total body water of a 200 kg man. | |
B. | In the enterohepatic system the activity of bacteria to remove conjugates from a drug in the gut will decrease the clearance of the drug. | |
C. | Lipid drugs are more likely to be reabsorbed by the kidney from the urine. | |
D. | A weak basic drug (pKa = 6) will be mostly ionized in urine of a pH= 3 and only the non- ionized drug will be eliminated. | |
E. | The major conjugate in Phase 2 metabolism is glucuronide. |
7. Isoproterenol (β-agonist) is a vasodilator that increases HR. What happens to systolic and diastolic pressures upon IV administration of isoproterenol?
A. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
B. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
C. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
D. | â systolic; â diastolic | |
E. | None of the above |
8. If you want to increase the blood concentration of a drug A, you can perform which of the following procedures:
A. | Inhibit Drug A metabolism with Drug B | |
B. | Enhance Drug A reabsorption from renal proximal tubule by changing ionization of Drug A with Drug B | |
C. | Allow competition of Drug B with Drug A for active renal secretion processes | |
D. | Increase the binding of Drug A to serum albumin | |
E. | All of the above |
9. Which of the following describes Phase I metabolism?
A. | Inactive products are always produced in this phase. | |
B. | Large molecules such as glucuronic acid are conjugated to drugs in this phase. | |
C. | This phase may produce active metabolites from prodrugs. | |
D. | This phase only occurs in the liver. |
10. Which of the following is NOT an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of biogenic amines?
A. | Phenylethanolamine N-methyl Transferase | |
B. | Dopamine β-hydroxylase | |
C. | Tyrosine dehydroxylase | |
D. | DOPA decarboxylase | |
E. | All of the above |
11. Why would an antibiotic at the same concentration be more active against bacteria in water than in serum or plasma? (Activity is measured in a test tube)
A. | activity of the antibiotic is increased in water. | |
B. | due to drug-protein interaction in serum | |
C. | the antibiotic is more stable in water | |
D. | all of the above | |
E. | none of the above |
12. Ion channels are targets for drugs. Which drug class targets Na+ channels?
A. | Benzodiazepines | |
B. | Beta blockers | |
C. | Local anesthetics | |
D. | Antihypertensive drugs (cardiac and smooth muscle) | |
E. | Glibenclimide (diabetic drug) |
13. _________________ not metabolized by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT).
A. | Dopamine | |
B. | Epinephrine | |
C. | Phenylephrine | |
D. | Norepinephrine | |
E. | All of the above are metabolized by COMT. |