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20 Nov 2018

Question 4:

The enzyme telomerase is part protein and part RNA. What would be the most likely effect of inactivating the gene that encodes the RNA part of telomerase? Please provide a rationale for your answer by explaining the function of each part of telomerase at the ends of chromosomes.(4 marks)

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Deanna HettingerLv2

20 Nov 2018

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Related questions

Use this list of gene elements to answer the following questions: (a) Promoter
(b) Exon
(c) Enhancer

(d) Intron
(e) 5â untranslated region

(f) 3â untranslated region

Problem 1. Which of the above gene elements are transcribed? You may choose more than one answer.

Problem 2. Which of the above gene elements are translated? You may choose more than one answer.

Problem 3. Which of the above gene elements are regulatory? You may choose more than one answer.

Problem 4. Which of the above gene elements are coding? You may choose more than one answer.

Problem 6. A mutation occurs in a gene with the following sequence: AAGCT. An example of a deletion mutation in this sequence would be AACT (loss of G). Using AAGCT as your normal sequence, give an example for the following types of mutations

(a) Insertion (b) Transition

Problem 7. A mutation occurs in the coding region of a gene with the following sequence AAGTGC. The translated sequence is Lysine (AAG), Cysteine (TGC). Give an example of following types of mutation using AAGTGC as your normal sequence. Provide the translated sequence caused by the mutation. (Hint: You will need a codon table to translate the sequence)

(a) Synonymous mutation
(b) Non-synonymous missense mutation

Problem 8. Patient 1 has a tumor causing mutation in a pro-growth gene. The mutated protein allows the cell to grow without receiving growth signals from outside the cell. Is the mutated gene an oncogene or a tumor suppressor? Why? Which hallmark is the gene associated with?

Problem 9. Patient 2 has a tumor which contains a loss of function mutation in the P53 gene. How would you determine if it is a somatic or germ line mutation?

Problem 10. Patient 3 has a tumor causing mutation in a gene called telomerase. The function of telomerase is to lengthen the ends of chromosomes. What hallmark is telomerase associated with? Is the mutation gain of function or loss of function? (Hint: to answer this question, you need to understand which hallmark telomere length is associated with)

Multiple choice.

1.Origins of replication...

A. occur at many sites on bacterial and human chromosomes

B. contain one replication fork each where the daughter stands are being sythesized

C. initiate replication in a uni-directional manner

D. result in bubbles opened by helicases

E. occur at one site per chromosome

2.Telomerase...

A. is important for the replication of circular chromosomes

B. is important for the replication of linear chromosomes

C. carries a template in the form of a DNA molecule

D. sythesizes RNA primers

E. both the 1st and 2nd option are correct

3.What are topoisomerases?

A.Enzymes that lay down an RNA primer during DNA synthesis.

B.The ends of the chromosomes.

C. Proteins that unwind DNA.

D. A strain of mice.

4.Which enzyme produces the first piece of nucleic acid synthesized in DNA replication?

A. Primase

B. DNA polymerase

C.ORC

D. DNA ligase

5. Which of the following does not contribute to the mutagenesis of our DNA?

		A. alterations to bases (nucleotides) that change their hydrogen bonding characteristics
		B. passing on of mismatched DNA into daughter cells
		C. inefficiency of MutS to recognize errors in base pairing
		D. DNA polymerase slipping during synthesis and creating insertions or deletions
		E. DNA polymerase erroneously synthesizing DNA in the reverse direction during S phase

Parent Telomere Length	Child Telomere Length
- 4.7	-6.6 -6.0 -6.1
-3.9	-0.6
-1.4	-2.2
-5.2	-5.4
-2.2	-3.6
-4.4	-2.0
-4.3	-6.6
-5.0	-3.8
-5.3	-6.4
-0.6	-2.5
-1.3	-5.1 -3.9
-4.2	-3.9

The sequence change affecting the TERC gene in each of the families is different. However, consider an example where the disease-associated allele results in the following abnormal sequence of the RNA template: 5â-CGGCAACCCCAA-3â

a. Explain the impact you expect this mutation to have on telomere synthesis.

b. Provide a hypothesis/explanation for why the disease allele is dominant to the non-disease allele.

please explain in detail need real help :( THIS ARE QUESTIONS I NEED THEM ANSWER NOT THE ONE AT THE BOTTOM

If You get confused this second part questions and the background can help.

Dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal fingernails and skin pigmentation, the formation of white patches on the tongue and cheek, and progressive failure of the bone marrow. An autosomal dominant form of DKC results from mutations in the gene that encodes the RNA component of telomerase (the TERC gene). Fifteen families with autosomal dominant DKC are evaluated. The median age of onset of DKC in parents was 37 years, whereas the median age of onset in the children of affected parents was 14.5 years. Thus, DKC in these families arose at progressively younger ages in successive generations. The researchers measured telomere length of members of these families (see table). Telomere length normally shortens with age, so telomere length was adjusted for age of the subject. Note that the age-adjusted telomere length of all members of these families is negative, indicating that their telomeres are shorter than normal. For age-adjusted telomere length, the more negative the number, the shorter the telomere.

a. How do the telomere lengths of parents compare with the telomere lengths of their children?

b. Explain why the telomeres of people with DKC are shorter than normal and why DKC arises at an earlier age in subsequent generations.