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20 Feb 2019

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You are breeding chickens and your friend gives you a spotted chicken with yellow legs and a plain black rooster with orange legs. You cross these two and get a bunch of chickens, half of them have orange legs and half of them have yellow legs. All of them are black.What can you tell me about the relationship between these alleles and the genotypes of the parent chickens? (assume you got enough chicks to see all possible genotypes)

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Biology lab homework

Dragon Genes

http://www.concord.org/stem-resources/modern-genetics

BLY 121L - Take HomeAssignment

Due: Start of class time âAt thestart of class next week

Answers MUST beâ¦

â¢ typed (no smaller than 11-pointfont)

â¢ complete sentences (i.e., grammaticallycorrect â AND spell check!)

â¢ THIS IS NOT AGROUP EFFORT â NO POINTS WILL BE AWARDED, IF YOUR PAPER ISSIMILAR IN CONTENT AND WORDING TO THAT OF YOURPEERâS.

Complete ALL4 modules:

1. Intro& Rules

2. Meiosis

3. Pedigree andGenes

4. The PlatesProblem

Complete and answer all of the questions fromeach module.

Introduction

Breed dragons to yield several offspring anddevelop a chart for all of the phenotypic characteristics youobserve.

â¢ Note the genotype and dominant/recessivecondition for each trait.

â¢ When you reach this section of theexercise, be sure to change the genotype for all traits to completethe chart.

Whatare the traits exhibited by yourdragons?

**YOUMUST TURN IN YOURCOMPLETED CHART AND IT MUST BE LEGIBLE!

Rules

Dominance and Recessive Traits

What isthe chromosome number(ânâ) for thedragons?

Which trait(s)exhibit incompletedominance?

What does it mean fora trait to be incompletely dominant?

Noallelic combination is described as being heterozygousrecessive. Why do you thinkthis is thecase?

Some Traits are Sex-linked

Which dragontrait(s)is/are sex-linked?

How dosex-linked traits differ from autosomal traits?

Color and Lethal Combinations

Describehow the inheritance ofcolor is different from that of horns and/orwings.

On whichchromosome is the lethal combination exhibited? What is the lethalcombination?

Meiosis

What is the phenotypeof your new dragon?

Whichtraits areinherited from the mother dragon? AND Which traits are inherited from the father dragon?

Wereany traits expressed by the offspring that differed from either or both of the parents? If so, whatwere they?

How does meiosisallow for variation inoffspring?

How doesfertilization allow for variation in offspring?

Pedigree and Genes

Now that you know how to breed dragons, let'stry some selective breeding in the pedigree view. Use the cross tool tobreed a new generation of dragons; breed two of thedragons from this new (F1) generation. Repeat thisat least8 times.

What do younotice about the dragons as you continue to breed more generations?

Use the chromosome tool to closelyexaminethe dragonsâ genes. If you had trouble answering the sex-linkedquestion above, now you can observe and compare the Xand Y chromosomesâ¦

Can you find any genesthat are different among the members of your F8generation?

How many generationsdo you have to breed until all the dragons are exactly thesame?

You arecreating an inbred strain of dragons in the final generation(s)of this process. Write a notedescribing your strain, and explain what is âspecialâ aboutall individuals in an inbred strain of organisms.

The Plates Problem

Try breedingsome offspring to see resultsof these crosses. Does thepattern of inheritance ofplates tell you anything useful?

Based on yourbreeding experiments, where might you expectto find the gene forplates (i.e., On whichchromosome might the gene be located?) Why do you think this iscorrect?

Dragons thatgrow plates usually do so quite late in their life, so dragons thathave a new baby don't know right away whether or not it will growplates. Which trait(s)exhibited by a baby might helpa mother dragon determine whether her baby will growup to have plates?

DragonGenes
Genotypes/Phenotypes

Trait	Phenotype	Genotype
Horns	Horns
	No Horns
Wings	Wings
	No Wings
Legs	4 Legs
	2 Legs
	No Legs
Tails	Fancy Tail
	Plain Tail
Fire-breathing	Fire-breathing Male
	Non-fire-breathing Male
	Fire-breathing Female
	Non-fire-breathingFemale
Color	Green Male
	Yellow Male
	Red Female
	Blue Female
	Brown Female
	Purple Female

olivedonkey40

Questions 9-15 are related. The drosophila alleles for purpleeyes (instead of red) and dumpy wings (instead of normal) are bothrecessive. Gene âEâ designates eye color (E: dominant, e:recessive), and gene âDâ designates wing shape (D: dominant, d:recessive). You cross a pure breeding purple eyed, normal wingedfly to a true breeding red eyed, dumpy winged fly.

9. What are the genotypes of the parental flies? (select allthat apply)

eedd

10. What would you expect the offspring (F1) phenotypes tobe?

All purple eyed, dumpy winged

All red eyed, normal winged

All purple eyed, normal winged

All red eyed, dumpy winged

Half purple eyed normal winged, half red eyed dumpy winged

Half red eyed normal winged, half purple eyed dumpy winged

None of the above

11. You cross these F1 offspring to flies that are pure breedingfor purple eyes and dumpy wings. You get 200 offspring. 45 arepurple eyed and dumpy winged, 43 are red eyed and normal winged, 63are purple eyed and normal winged, and 49 are red eyed and dumpywinged. You think that these two genes could be on differentchromosomes but your friend tells you that he thinks they arelinked and that they are close enough to each other to have afrequency of recombinants of 0.38. If you are correct and they areon different chromosomes, how many purple eyed, normal winged flieswould you ideally expect out of your 200 offspring? Youranswer should be a whole number.

12. If your friend is correct and the genes are linked withfrequency of recombinants of 0.38 how many purple eyed, normalwinged flies would you expect? Your answer should be awhole number

azuremacaw550

Based on âMorgan: A case of Diabetesâ by Lisa Rubin and Clyde Freeman Herreid (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)

The Patient:

Morgan Water is a 27-year old Native American that lives on a reservation in Oklahoma. Nearly Â¼ of Morganâs tribe has diabetes but she has no direct family history of diabetes, heart disease, or other serious conditions. She is however obese (BMI = 32) and leads a sedentary lifestyle. Morgan has been suffering from an increasing persistence of symptoms including unusual thirst, dizziness, blurred vision, and numbness in her right foot. The symptoms have been developing over several months but as she is planning her wedding she attributed them to nerves. She is finally persuaded to see her family doctor. Her non-fasting blood glucose level was elevated so the doctor has her return the next morning for a fasting blood sample so they could more accurately measure her blood glucose and insulin. Her blood results are below:

Test	Morganâs values	Normal range	Pre-Diabetic range	Diabetic range
Plasma glucose, mg/dl	260	70 -139	140 - 199	â¥ 200
Fasting glucose, mg/dl	140	â¤ 99	100 - 125	â¥ 126
A1C, %	7.6	~ 5	5.7 â 6.4	â¥ 6.5
Fasting Insulin, mIU/ml	34	2 - 10	10 - 20	â¥ 20

The recommendation of Morganâs doctor was to improve her exercise, good nutrition, and weight loss. He recommends meeting with a nutritionist to assist Morgan in her weight loss goals. When Morgan got home and told her family the diagnosis they however had LOTS of suggestions on how she can lose weight. Below is a description of the advice given to her by three family members.

Best friend Savannah:

âYou know how Iâve been losing weight? Well, Iâve been on the Atkinsâ Diet. I heard about it on TV. Itâs great! You get to eat steak, chicken wings, and all the good stuff. All you have to do is limit carbohydrate intake. You should definitely give it a try. This diet has been around for years and it has worked for lots of people, including me.â

*Note: Atkinâs Diet recommends: 10% carbohydrates, 55% fats, 35% protein

Brother Alan:

âI think the best thing for you to do is exercise and stop eating all of that pizza and candy and food filled with fat. Our people never used to eat that junk. I say eat meals that are nutritionally balanced and high in fiber and low in refined sugars and saturated fats. And run a lot. Stop sitting around the house.â

Grandfather:

âMorgan, it is true that it is best to live in harmony and balance â to eat a nutritionally balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, proteins, and âgoodâ fats to meet your bodyâs needs. That is good. But look to your heritage. Our people were never overweight before we started eating âcivilizedâ food. Look to our native diet. I think you should look to traditional herbal remedies for help. What Alan says is true. Exercise is good. But it is sometimes not enough. Our people have always looked to natural medicine for cures. They will lift your spirits and energize you. Then you will lose weight and you will be healthy again. I hear the herbs from the diet shop are safe and good. But you must take them like the medicine label says. It canât hurt to try them.â

*Note: these herbal supplements Morganâs grandfather is recommending contain the herb

ephedra (ephedrine).

Question 5:

Given Morganâs metabolic state, what is the primary fuel source for her cells currently?

A. Carbohydrates (glucose)

B. Fats

C. Proteins

D. It is a balance of all three

Question 6:

Metabolic ketoacidosis is a common problem with diabetics, which is caused by which of the following?

A. Excessive oxidation of fatty acids, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood.

B. Excessive oxidation of glucose, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood.

C. Excessive oxidation of proteins, leading to an accumulation of ammonia in the blood.

D. Hyperglycemia.

Question 7:

Which weight loss suggestion is designed to achieve some level of ketosis?

A. Atkins Diet

B. Exercise

C. High fiber diet

D. Herbal treatments

Question 8:

One major side effect of the herbal supplement can be hot flashes and increased perspiration due to increased thermogenesis, what is the likely cause of the heat production?

A. Increasing the activity of phosphfructokinase-1.

B. Increasing the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

C. Increasing the activity of citrate synthase.

D. Increasing the activity of uncoupling proteins.

Question 9:

Would substituting fiber and complex carbohydrates (larger % cellulose) for the simple sugars and starches (high sucrose and amylose/amylopectin) help Morgan lose weight, why?

A. Yes, because complex carbohydrates like cellulose are largely indigestible so they pass through

the digestive tract without being absorbed.

B. Yes, cellulose contains less glucose residues than amylose or amylopectin.

C. Yes, because the fructose in sucrose is much more responsible for weight gain than the glucose.

D. No, because cellulose, amylose, and amylopectin are all composed of glucose so it doesnât

matter.

Question 10:

Which weight loss suggestion will lead to an increased need for gluconeogenesis?

A. Atkins Diet

B. Exercise

C. High fiber diet

D. Herbal treatments

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