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15 Mar 2019

What happens if an individual is defective in uptake LDL from blood stream? What is the action of the drug “statin”? --- billion dollar drug in USA

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Sixta Kovacek
Sixta KovacekLv2
16 Mar 2019

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Related questions

The following are potential therapeutic approaches for controlling cholesterol

STATIN- It particularly well suited for lowering LDL(bad cholesterol) , this cholesterol with the strongest links to vascular diseases.

Fibrate- Indicated for hypertriglyceridemia. Fibrates typically lower triglycerides by 20% to 50%. Good cholesterol HDL is also increased. Fibrates may decrease LDL, though generally to a lesser degree than statins.

Niacin-Like fibrates, is also well suited for lowering triglycerides by 20–50%.

Bile acid sequestrants-Resin e.g cholestyramine are particularly effective for lowering LDL-C by sequestering the cholesterol-containing bile acids released into the intestine and preventing their reabsorption from the intestine.

Ezetimibe-It is a selective inhibitor of dietary cholesterol absorption.

Phytosterols- It may be found naturally in plants. It also reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the gut. Hence, they are most effective when consumed with meals.

Orlistate -Its primary function is to prevent the absorption of about 30% of fats from the human diet, thereby reducing caloric intake.

Explain whether each approach listed above would be of potential benefit to an individual:

Who produces defective LDL receptors-

Who has very high HMGCoA reductase activity-

Whose chylomicron remnant uptake mechanisms are defective-

Cholesterol (in the form of LDL) is taken up into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Patients suffering from severe hypercholesterolemia have a defect in cholesterol uptake, which results in high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Researchers studying cells from a patient with this disease found that they are homozygous for mutations in the LDL receptor gene. When they tested the cells from the patient, they found that LDL is not able to bind to the surface of the patient’s cells at all, so LDL is not internalized.

a. In a healthy person, which membrane compartments/organelles does LDL travel through, starting from the extracellular space?

b. In a healthy person, which membrane compartments/organelles does the LDL receptor travel through, starting from the extracellular space?

c. Which cytoskeletal elements serve as “tracks” to move the LDL-containing vesicles to the correct organelles?

d. Which two components are required to work with that cytoskeletal element to move the LDL-containing vesicles within the cell?

e. Explain why the patient’s specific mutation causes such high levels of cholesterol to be in the blood?

What is involved in "hexose sugar absorption and uptake" in these situations?

1- absorption of glucose from the digestive system and its release to the blood stream ? 2

2- absorption of galactose from the digestive system and its release to the blood stream

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