Describe how mutations within the Wnt signaling pathway can lead to the development of colon cancer. Which gene products involved in this pathway are most often mutated in cancer, and in what way(s) are they mutated?

answer

watching

201

views

For unlimited access to Homework Help, a Homework+ subscription is required.

You have 0 free answers left.
Get unlimited access to 3.8 million step-by-step answers.

Get unlimited access

Already have an account? Log in

Casey DurganLv2

6 Jul 2018

Unlock all answers

Get 1 free homework help answer.

Already have an account? Log in

Related questions

please solve this:

Cancer Biology (Oncogenic Pathways)

The majority of malignant cells rely on dysregulation of a handful of oncogenes and their associated signaling pathways to support their abnormal proliferation and survival. The list below indicates the proteins that have become the âname sakeâ for these key dysregulated pathways. Note that sometimes the protein listed is mutated and drives the pathway (ex. Ras), but other times it is rarely mutated (ex. Akt where PI3K and PTEN mutations predominate).

Working together in your groups, please create a portfolio of âprofilesâ for the pathways shown below. For each pathway, include a map that links together the main proteins or molecules involved- ligands, receptors, transcription factors, etc... but always end with the ultimate effect on the cell! These pathway maps must be your own creation- do not copy other image files. For each protein or molecule you list in the map, please provide a âkeyâ that describes what it is, its specific function in the pathway, and detail where the most common pathogenic mutations occur in at least three proteins in the pathway (see below for details). Since these pathways can be extremely complex, you need not include more than three proteins or molecules at any one level in the pathway.

For information on the pathogenic mutations, use the COSMIC (catalogue of somatic muations in cancer) resource at http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic . Enter the gene/protein name Ã click on the gene name in table below Ã under âMutation Impactâ select Pathogenic Ã Apply. A bar graph depicting the various mutations will be shown, provide the number of confirmed mutations and the changes (DNA and amino acids) it causes at that site. For example, in the BRAF gene: 24,291 mutations have been confirmed that involve a T to A mutation at base 1799 which leads to a Valine (V) to Glutamic acid (E) amino acid substitution at position 600 (note this mutation constitutively activates the BRaf kinase).

Key Oncogenic Pathways to Profile:

Ras

Akt

Wnt

TGFB

Notch

Hedgehog

Grading will be based on aesthetic clarity, thoroughness and accuracy of the information.

Grading Rubric: 75 points total

Visuals: Aesthetic clarity 30 points

Pathways are well organized, easy to follow

activating and inhibitory relationships are readily apparent

Creative layout

Content: Thoroughness and Accuracy 30 points

All pathways completed

Essential level of detail in key

Hormonal signals are necessary for humans to develop properly and to maintain homeostasis. Describe two ways in which irregular hormone signaling pathways may lead to cancer induction. Be sure to explain the molecular result of each pathway. USE ESTROGEN

1.The following amino acids present a free hydroxyl group when incorporated into peptide, Except. a. Serine b. Tyrosine c. Threonine d. Alanine e. All have free hydroxyl groups.

2.When adenyl cyclase gets converted to cAMP, a signal cascade ensues. What is used to break down cAMP to stop this amplification? a. phosphodiesterase b. phosphorylase kinase c. phosphorylase d. protein kinase A e. theophylline

3.. Which of the following is the correct description of a caspase? a. One of a series of enzymes involved in a cascade of reactions as part of apoptosis involves the cleavage of cysteine sites

b. Part of a series of enzymes involved in apoptosis that involves the cleavage of valine sites

c. Part of a series of organized enzymes involved in the progression of cancer that involves the cleavage of cysteine sites

d. Part of a series of organized enzymes that involves the progression of cancer that involves the cleavage of tyrosine sites

e. A protease that cleaves adjacent to lysine or arginine residues

4.The following statements about the wnt system are correct EXCEPT: a. the wnt pathway uses kinases b. frizzled can act as a receptor for wnt c. frizzled can activate disheveled d. wnt signaling always includes B-catenin e. all of the above